Shuang Cao

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Other people with similar names: Shuang Cao


2026

Web agents must choose queries, clicks, form fills, and tool calls from language instructions while preserving constraints whose consequences may appear several steps later. We study this challenge as language-conditioned delayed-constraint tracking and present TraceWeaver, which couples linear-time latent rollouts, entity-centric episodic memory, and a learned critic for budgeted action selection. Across WebShop (500 episodes), Mind2Web (1,000-task split), WebArena (812-task split), and WorkArena (165-task enterprise split), TraceWeaver shows task-success gains of +2.7 to +4.7 over baselines under a matched test-time budget. Shared-pool controls reduce the confound between selection quality and proposal quality, while a language-phenomenon analysis concentrates the gains on tasks with dense, conflicting, or delayed constraints.
Long-horizon language agents must decide not only which evidence to use, but also when to pay for it. Retrieval and verification can improve a local decision while exhausting token and tool-time budgets needed later in the episode. We introduce ReserveGate, a one-step evidence controller that combines an explicit uncertainty sketch, an off-policy action-value model, and component-wise feasibility masks over the remaining resources. Unlike a fixed reserve heuristic, ReserveGate adapts its cost penalty when spending runs ahead of episode progress and gradually releases a protected late-stage reserve. Across three benchmark-derived agent environments, ReserveGate improves tight-budget success over the strongest matched controller by 2.6–3.8 percentage points, with gains of 4.6–6.2 points on the longest episode quartile. A latency-constrained variant reduces service-level incidents to 1.2–1.7% across environments while losing at most 0.8 points in success. On LoCoMo-Episodic, cross-model, cross-retriever, rate-limiter, and task-agnostic-sketch comparisons show that the effect is not explained by a single backbone, retrieval stack, or tuned spending rule.