Shubham Tiwari

Author directory

2026

Legal documents are often lengthy and contain domain-specific terminology and complex legal reasoning, making them difficult for the general public to understand. This challenge is further amplified in the Indian context, where a large portion of the population lacks proficiency in complex English. Although automatic legal summarization has been studied, most existing approaches generate summaries intended for legal professionals and thus remain difficult for laypeople. To address this gap, we introduce InLegalLaySum, the first benchmark for lay summarization of Indian legal documents. InLegalLaySum comprises 9,570 judgements from the Supreme Court and several High Courts of India paired with expert-written summaries in English. We benchmark a wide range of generative models (ranging from 160M to 7B parameters) and perform comprehensive experiments with multiple training strategies, including supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and direct preference optimization (DPO). We observed that the hybrid SFT+DPO training achieved superior performance across readability metrics, which is further validated by domain experts.