Tiandeng Wu
Author directory2026
Inventory-Grounded Policy-Level Optimization for Training-Free AI Search
Wei Zhou | Tiandeng Wu | Jiandong Ding | Zhufeng Fan | Yi Cao
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track
Wei Zhou | Tiandeng Wu | Jiandong Ding | Zhufeng Fan | Yi Cao
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track
Early in deployment, an AI search system typically operates over a frequently updated product catalog, so the available items and their properties cannot be treated as stable knowledge that can be encoded in fixed prompts or strategies. Fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, and static prompt patches fit poorly: labels are scarce, rewards drift with inventory, model releases are costly, and prompt fixes quickly stale. We present Inventory-Grounded Policy-Level Optimization (IGPO), a training-free approach for fixed AI search pipelines. IGPO separates policy from environment facts: it learns Policy Guidelines for acting on runtime inventory evidence rather than memorizing available materials. Online, IGPO grounds each query by probing the inventory and constructing an inventory portrait, then injects relevant Policy Guidelines into the retrieval and selection prompts. Offline, stochastic rollouts are grouped by query—mixed outcome groups directly yield contrastive signal, and an inventory-guided exploration loop distinguishes missed retrieval routes from cases where no matching support is found under the observed inventory evidence. Since May 2026, IGPO has been deployed in a commercial smart-assistant AI search system. A 14-day online A/B test of the complete IGPO treatment shows a 3.17% relative CTR lift and a 38.9% reduction in audited bad cases.
2023
Focusing, Bridging and Prompting for Few-shot Nested Named Entity Recognition
Yuanyuan Xu | Zeng Yang | Linhai Zhang | Deyu Zhou | Tiandeng Wu | Rong Zhou
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023
Yuanyuan Xu | Zeng Yang | Linhai Zhang | Deyu Zhou | Tiandeng Wu | Rong Zhou
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023
Few-shot named entity recognition (NER), identifying named entities with a small number of labeled data, has attracted much attention. Frequently, entities are nested within each other. However, most of the existing work on few-shot NER addresses flat entities instead of nested entities. To tackle nested NER in a few-shot setting, it is crucial to utilize the limited labeled data to mine unique features of nested entities, such as the relationship between inner and outer entities and contextual position information. Therefore, in this work, we propose a novel method based on focusing, bridging and prompting for few-shot nested NER without using source domain data. Both focusing and bridging components provide accurate candidate spans for the prompting component. The prompting component leverages the unique features of nested entities to classify spans based on soft prompts and contrastive learning. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance consistently on the four benchmark datasets (ACE2004, ACE2005, GENIA and KBP2017) and outperforms several competing baseline models on F1-score by 9.33% on ACE2004, 6.17% on ACE2005, 9.40% on GENIA and 5.12% on KBP2017 on the 5-shot setting.