Tom Krenzke
Author directory2026
Human–Machine Learning for Large-Scale Qualitative Coding in Educational Measurement
Judy H. Tang | Tom Krenzke | Jin Hui Xu | Karen Lo
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Coordinated Session Papers
Judy H. Tang | Tom Krenzke | Jin Hui Xu | Karen Lo
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Coordinated Session Papers
This paper examines a human–ML framework for large-scale qualitative data coding. Using a nationally representative sample of transcript data, the study evaluates semantic embeddings and ranked recommendations through validation and user testing. Results demonstrate improved efficiency and accuracy while maintaining human expertise, oversight, and responsibility for final coding decisions.