Waleed Malik


2021

pdf bib
Less is More: Pretrain a Strong Siamese Encoder for Dense Text Retrieval Using a Weak Decoder
Shuqi Lu | Di He | Chenyan Xiong | Guolin Ke | Waleed Malik | Zhicheng Dou | Paul Bennett | Tie-Yan Liu | Arnold Overwijk
Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

Dense retrieval requires high-quality text sequence embeddings to support effective search in the representation space. Autoencoder-based language models are appealing in dense retrieval as they train the encoder to output high-quality embedding that can reconstruct the input texts. However, in this paper, we provide theoretical analyses and show empirically that an autoencoder language model with a low reconstruction loss may not provide good sequence representations because the decoder may take shortcuts by exploiting language patterns. To address this, we propose a new self-learning method that pre-trains the autoencoder using a weak decoder, with restricted capacity and attention flexibility to push the encoder to provide better text representations. Our experiments on web search, news recommendation, and open domain question answering show that our pre-trained model significantly boosts the effectiveness and few-shot ability of dense retrieval models. Our code is available at https://github.com/microsoft/SEED-Encoder/.