Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks. Recent advances in personalized MLLMs enable effective capture of user-specific concepts, supporting both recognition of personalized concepts and contextual captioning. However, humans typically explore and reason over relations among objects and individuals, transcending surface-level information to achieve more personalized and contextual understanding. To this end, existing methods may face three main limitations: (1) Their training data lacks multi-object sets in which relations among objects are learnable, (2) Existing models often neglect the connections between different personalized concepts, thereby failing to perform reasoning over them, (3) Their experiments mainly focus on a single personalized concept, where evaluations are limited to recognition and captioning tasks. To address the limitations, (i) We present a new dataset named ReGraP, consisting of 120 sets of personalized knowledge. Each set includes images, Knowledge Graphs (KGs), and Chain-of-Thought Question-Answering (CoT QA) pairs derived from the KGs, enabling more structured and sophisticated reasoning pathways. (ii) We propose Reasoning enabled Graph-based Personalized Large Language and Vision Assistant (ReGraP-LLaVA), an MLLM trained with the corresponding KGs and CoT QA pairs, where soft and/or hard graph prompting methods are designed to align KGs within the model’s semantic space. (iii) We establish the ReGraP Benchmark, which contains diverse task types: Multiple-Choice, Fill-in-the-blank, True/False, and Descriptive questions in both open- and closed-ended settings. The proposed benchmark is designed to evaluate the relational reasoning and knowledge-connection capability of personalized MLLMs. We conduct experiments on the proposed ReGraP-LLaVA and other competitive MLLMs. Results show that the proposed model not only learns personalized knowledge but also performs relational reasoning in responses, achieving the SoTA performance compared with the competitive methods. All the codes and datasets are released at: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ReGraP.

Stance detection is crucial for understanding the underlying attitude of an expression towards a target. Conversational stance detection is a more challenging stance detection task in real-world social media scenarios, as it involves detecting the user’s stance by leveraging the target-related historical statements across conversational sessions. In this paper, we propose target-aware Memory Graph TamGraph, a novel method that dynamically leverages target-related statements for conversational stance detection. Instead of considering all preceding historical conversations or using no prior conversation information for stance detection, our TamGraph employs a stepwise, entropy-guided backtracking mechanism to selectively activate memory from historical conversations and dynamically constructs a target-aware graph to model the stance relations among utterances. This allows the exploitation of target-related information from the conversation history for stance detection while preventing the introduction of noise. Experimental results on both English and Chinese benchmarks demonstrate that our TamGraph substantially improves LLM performance on conversational stance detection.

Fine-tuning multi-turn dialogue systems requires high-quality supervision but often suffers from degraded performance when exposed to low-quality data. Supervision errors in early turns can propagate across subsequent turns, undermining coherence and response quality. Existing methods typically address data quality via static prefiltering, which decouples quality control from training and fails to mitigate turn-level error propagation. In this context, we propose ReSURE (REgularizing Supervision UnREliability), an adaptive learning method that dynamically down-weights unreliable supervision without explicit filtering. ReSURE estimates per-turn loss distributions using Welford’s online statistics and reweights sample losses on the fly accordingly. Experiments on both single-source and mixed-quality datasets show improved stability and response quality. Notably, ReSURE enjoys positive Spearman correlations (0.21 ~ 1.0 across multiple benchmarks) between response scores and number of samples regardless of data quality, which potentially paves the way for utilizing large-scale data effectively.

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant breakthroughs in extracting useful information from conversation history to enhance the response in long-term conversations. Summarizing useful information from historical conversations has achieved remarkable performance, which, however, may introduce irrelevant or redundant information, making it difficult to flexibly choose and integrate key information from different sessions during memory retrieval. To address this issue, we propose a Fragment-then-Compose framework, a novel memory utilization approach for long-term open-domain conversation, called FraCom. To be specific, inspired by the concept of proposition representation from Cognitive Psychology, we first represent the conversation history as a series of predicates plus arguments for propositional representation to preserve key information useful for memory (“Fragment”). Then, we compose propositional graphs for the conversation history based on the connection between shared arguments (“Compose”). During retrieval, we retrieve relevant propositions from the graph based on arguments from the current query. This essentially allows for flexible and effective utilization of related information in long-term memory for better response generation towards a query. Experimental results on four long-term open-domain conversation datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our FraCom in memory utilization and its ability to enhance response generation for LLMs.