Yingcong Li
Author directory2026
Universal Activation Verbalizer: A Unified Framework for Cross-Model Activation Explanation
Haiyan Zhao | Zirui He | Guanchu Wang | Ali Payani | Yingcong Li | Mengnan Du
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Haiyan Zhao | Zirui He | Guanchu Wang | Ali Payani | Yingcong Li | Mengnan Du
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Activation verbalization explains hidden representations in natural language, but existing methods are mostly limited to self-explanation, where each model explains only its own activations. We introduce Universal Activation Verbalizer (UAV), a shared-decoder framework that uses donor- and layer-specific adapters to explain activations from heterogeneous donor models. UAV learns a lightweight adapter that converts donor activations into soft tokens in decoder’s embedding space, and further supports adapter-only transfer by reusing a frozen decoder-side LoRA while training only a new adapter for another donor. Across classification, fact retrieval, and gist summarization, UAV remains competitive with strong self-explanation baselines while enabling cross-model verbalization across model families and scales. Ablations show that decoder-side tuning mainly improves task behavior, whereas the adapter provides the activation-grounded factual and semantic evidence. Code and data are available at our GitHub repository.