Zhuan Anne Zhang

Author directory

2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) domain, yet their reliability in regulatory tasks remains uncertain.

In this study, we focused on Hong Kong fire safety codes: together with domain experts, we create a localized dataset of multiple-choice (MCQs) and open-ended questions (OEQs) to evaluate 12 widely used LLMs, including both proprietary and open-source models.

Our findings show that proprietary models may achieve 80–90% accuracy on MCQs, while open-source models generally lag behind. On OEQ, humans and LLM judges rated the answers at 50-70% accuracy, suggesting that LLMs in specialized compliance tasks still have large margins of improvement.