Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH)

Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor 2025-08 Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria text conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 woah-ws-2025-1 https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.0/ A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Bias Mitigation Methods for Hate Speech Detection Jan Fillies author Marius Wawerek author Adrian Paschke author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 fillies-etal-2025-comprehensive https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.1/ 2025-08 1 16 Sensitive Content Classification in Social Media: A Holistic Resource and Evaluation Dimosthenis Antypas author Indira Sen author Carla Perez Almendros author Jose Camacho-Collados author Francesco Barbieri author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 antypas-etal-2025-sensitive https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.2/ 2025-08 17 31 From civility to parity: Marxist-feminist ethics for context-aware algorithmic content moderation Dayei Oh author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 oh-2025-civility https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.3/ 2025-08 32 40 A Novel Dataset for Classifying German Hate Speech Comments with Criminal Relevance Vincent Kums author Florian Meyer author Luisa Pivit author Uliana Vedenina author Jonas Wortmann author Melanie Siegel author Dirk Labudde author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 kums-etal-2025-novel https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.4/ 2025-08 41 52 Learning from Disagreement: Entropy-Guided Few-Shot Selection for Toxic Language Detection Tommaso Caselli author Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 caselli-plaza-del-arco-2025-learning https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.5/ 2025-08 53 66 Debiasing Static Embeddings for Hate Speech Detection Ling Sun author Soyoung Kim author Xiao Dong author Sandra Kübler author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 sun-etal-2025-debiasing https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.8/ 2025-08 67 76 Web(er) of Hate: A Survey on How Hate Speech Is Typed Luna Wang author Andrew Caines author Alice Hutchings author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 wang-etal-2025-web https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.9/ 2025-08 77 103 Think Like a Person Before Responding: A Multi-Faceted Evaluation of Persona-Guided LLMs for Countering Hate Speech. Mikel Ngueajio author Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco author Yi-Ling Chung author Danda Rawat author Amanda Cercas Curry author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 ngueajio-etal-2025-think https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.10/ 2025-08 104 123 HODIAT: A Dataset for Detecting Homotransphobic Hate Speech in Italian with Aggressiveness and Target Annotation Greta Damo author Alessandra Teresa Cignarella author Tommaso Caselli author Viviana Patti author Debora Nozza author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 damo-etal-2025-hodiat https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.11/ 2025-08 124 135 Beyond the Binary: Analysing Transphobic Hate and Harassment Online Anna Talas author Alice Hutchings author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 talas-hutchings-2025-beyond https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.12/ 2025-08 136 152 Evading Toxicity Detection with ASCII-art: A Benchmark of Spatial Attacks on Moderation Systems Sergey Berezin author Reza Farahbakhsh author Noel Crespi author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 berezin-etal-2025-evading https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.13/ 2025-08 153 162 Debunking with Dialogue? Exploring AI-Generated Counterspeech to Challenge Conspiracy Theories Mareike Lisker author Christina Gottschalk author Helena Mihaljević author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 lisker-etal-2025-debunking https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.15/ 2025-08 163 178 MisinfoTeleGraph: Network-driven Misinformation Detection for German Telegram Messages Lu Kalkbrenner author Veronika Solopova author Steffen Zeiler author Robert Nickel author Dorothea Kolossa author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 kalkbrenner-etal-2025-misinfotelegraph https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.16/ 2025-08 179 191 Catching Stray Balls: Football, fandom, and the impact on digital discourse Mark Hill author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 hill-2025-catching https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.17/ 2025-08 192 205 Exploring Hate Speech Detection Models for Lithuanian Language Justina Mandravickaitė author Eglė Rimkienė author Mindaugas Petkevičius author Milita Songailaitė author Eimantas Zaranka author Tomas Krilavičius author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 mandravickaite-etal-2025-exploring https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.18/ 2025-08 206 218 RAG and Recall: Multilingual Hate Speech Detection with Semantic Memory Khouloud Mnassri author Reza Farahbakhsh author Noel Crespi author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 mnassri-etal-2025-rag https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.20/ 2025-08 219 227 Implicit Hate Target Span Detection in Zero- and Few-Shot Settings with Selective Sub-Billion Parameter Models Hossam Boudraa author Benoit Favre author Raquel Urena author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 boudraa-etal-2025-implicit https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.21/ 2025-08 228 240 Hate Speech in Times of Crises: a Cross-Disciplinary Analysis of Online Xenophobia in Greece Maria Pontiki author Vasiliki Georgiadou author Lamprini Rori author Maria Gavriilidou author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 pontiki-etal-2025-hate https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.22/ 2025-08 241 253 Hostility Detection in UK Politics: A Dataset on Online Abuse Targeting MPs Mugdha Pandya author Mali Jin author Kalina Bontcheva author Diana Maynard author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 pandya-etal-2025-hostility https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.23/ 2025-08 254 266 Detoxify-IT: An Italian Parallel Dataset for Text Detoxification Viola De Ruvo author Arianna Muti author Daryna Dementieva author Debora Nozza author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 de-ruvo-etal-2025-detoxify https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.24/ 2025-08 267 275 Pathways to Radicalisation: On Research for Online Radicalisation in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Zeerak Talat author Michael Sejr Schlichtkrull author Pranava Madhyastha author Christine De Kock author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 talat-etal-2025-pathways https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.25/ 2025-08 276 283 Blue-haired, misandriche, rabiata: Tracing the Connotation of ‘Feminist(s)’ Across Time, Languages and Domains Arianna Muti author Sara Gemelli author Emanuele Moscato author Emilie Francis author Amanda Cercas Curry author Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco author Debora Nozza author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 muti-etal-2025-blue https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.27/ 2025-08 299 311 Towards Fairness Assessment of Dutch Hate Speech Detection Julie Bauer author Rishabh Kaushal author Thales Bertaglia author Adriana Iamnitchi author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 bauer-etal-2025-towards https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.28/ 2025-08 312 324 Between Hetero-Fatalism and Dark Femininity: Discussions of Relationships, Sex, and Men in the Femosphere Emilie Francis author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 francis-2025-hetero https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.29/ 2025-08 325 341 Can LLMs Rank the Harmfulness of Smaller LLMs? We are Not There Yet Berk Atil author Vipul Gupta author Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das author Rebecca Passonneau author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 atil-etal-2025-llms https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.30/ 2025-08 342 354 Are You Trying to Convince Me or Are You Trying to Deceive Me? Using Argumentation Types to Identify Deceptive News Ricardo Muñoz Sánchez author Emilie Francis author Anna Lindahl author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 munoz-sanchez-etal-2025-trying https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.31/ 2025-08 355 372 QGuard:Question-based Zero-shot Guard for Multi-modal LLM Safety Taegyeong Lee author Jeonghwa Yoo author Hyoungseo Cho author Soo Yong Kim author Yunho Maeng author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 lee-etal-2025-qguard https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.33/ 2025-08 373 382 Who leads? Who follows? Temporal dynamics of political dogwhistles in Swedish online communities Max Boholm author Gregor Rettenegger author Ellen Breitholtz author Robin Cooper author Elina Lindgren author Björn Rönnerstrand author Asad Sayeed author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 boholm-etal-2025-leads https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.34/ 2025-08 383 395 Detecting Child Objectification on Social Media: Challenges in Language Modeling Miriam Schirmer author Angelina Voggenreiter author Juergen Pfeffer author Agnes Horvat author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 schirmer-etal-2025-detecting https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.36/ 2025-08 396 412 Can Prompting LLMs Unlock Hate Speech Detection across Languages? A Zero-shot and Few-shot Study Faeze Ghorbanpour author Daryna Dementieva author Alexander Fraser author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 ghorbanpour-etal-2025-prompting https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.39/ 2025-08 413 425 Multilingual Analysis of Narrative Properties in Conspiracist vs Mainstream Telegram Channels Katarina Laken author Matteo Melis author Sara Tonelli author Marcos Garcia author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 laken-etal-2025-multilingual https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.41/ 2025-08 426 457 Hate Explained: Evaluating NER-Enriched Text in Human and Machine Moderation of Hate Speech Andrés Carvallo author Marcelo Mendoza author Miguel Fernández author Maximiliano Ojeda author Lilly Guevara author Diego Varela author Martín Bórquez author Nicolás Buzeta author Felipe Ayala author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 carvallo-etal-2025-hate https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.42/ 2025-08 458 467 Personas with Attitudes: Controlling LLMs for Diverse Data Annotation Leon Fröhling author Gianluca Demartini author Dennis Assenmacher author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 frohling-etal-2025-personas https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.43/ 2025-08 468 481 Graph of Attacks with Pruning: Optimizing Stealthy Jailbreak Prompt. Generation for Enhanced LLM Content Moderation Daniel Schwarz author Dmitriy Bespalov author Zhe Wang author Ninad Kulkarni author Yanjun Qi author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 schwarz-etal-2025-graph https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.44/ 2025-08 482 489 A Modular Taxonomy for Hate Speech Definitions and Its Impact on Zero-Shot LLM Classification Performance Matteo Melis author Gabriella Lapesa author Dennis Assenmacher author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 melis-etal-2025-modular https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.45/ 2025-08 490 521 Red-Teaming for Uncovering Societal Bias in Large Language Models Chu Fei Luo author Ahmad Ghawanmeh author Kashyap Coimbatore Murali author Bhimshetty Bharat Kumar author Murli Jadhav author Xiaodan Zhu author Faiza Khan Khattak author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 luo-etal-2025-red https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.46/ 2025-08 522 537 Using LLMs and Preference Optimization for Agreement-Aware HateWiC Classification Sebastian Loftus author Adrian Mülthaler author Sanne Hoeken author Sina Zarrieß author Ozge Alacam author 2025-08 text Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH) Agostina Calabrese editor Christine de Kock editor Debora Nozza editor Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco editor Zeerak Talat editor Francielle Vargas editor Association for Computational Linguistics Vienna, Austria conference publication 979-8-89176-105-6 loftus-etal-2025-using https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.47/ 2025-08 538 547