@proceedings{babylm-2026-main,
    title = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.0/",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{maheshwari-2026-halved,
    title = "Halved {CLM} Exposure Mitigates Late-Training Degradation in Small Recurrent Language Models",
    author = "Maheshwari, Yash",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.1/",
    pages = "1--14",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{ozturk-etal-2026-sentence,
    title = "Sentence-Level Foresight in Small Language Models: A Diagnostic Study of Learning Signals and Calibration",
    author = {{\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ahmet R{\i}fat  and
      Dalar, Ya{\u{g}}{\i}z Ekrem  and
      Sezer, Nedim Mutlu  and
      Saliho{\u{g}}lu, Feyzi Arda  and
      Aksoy, {\"O}mer Faruk},
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.2/",
    pages = "15--23",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{taylor-2026-hard,
    title = "Hard-Wiring the Induction Head: The Surprising Effectiveness of Copy Mechanisms in Data-Efficient Language Modelling",
    author = "Taylor, Josh",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.3/",
    pages = "24--32",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{kemme-etal-2026-hydrallm,
    title = "{H}ydra{LLM}: Adaptive Width Slicing for Elastic Text and Vision-Language Models",
    author = "Kemme, Oscar  and
      Haberer, Janek  and
      Hojjat, Ali  and
      Landsiedel, Olaf",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.4/",
    pages = "33--49",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{hwang-2026-child,
    title = "Can Child Language Acquisition be Modeled by Linear Causal or Bidirectional Masked Models Trained on Child-Directed Input?: A Comparison of Baby Language Models and Children in Acquiring Wanna Contraction",
    author = "Hwang, Haerim",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.5/",
    pages = "50--64",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{ren-2026-typological,
    title = "Does Typological Distance Affect Cross-lingual Transfer?",
    author = "Ren, Pengfei",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.6/",
    pages = "65--74",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{laitenberger-etal-2026-survives,
    title = "What Survives the {B}aby{LM} Budget? A Controlled Study of Token Mixers and Generative Objectives",
    author = "Laitenberger, Filipe  and
      Haller, Patrick  and
      Golde, Jonas  and
      Akbik, Alan",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.7/",
    pages = "75--92",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2026-association,
    title = "Do Association-Reweighted {BPE} Merge Rules Help Data-Efficient Language Modeling?",
    author = "Li, Zy  and
      Han, Phu  and
      Tran, Trinh  and
      Duong, Lam  and
      Fang, Andrew",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.8/",
    pages = "93--104",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2026-retrieval,
    title = "Retrieval Without Relevance: Prompt Dependence in Small Machine Translation Models",
    author = "Kim, Heesu  and
      Sato, Shota  and
      Komachi, Mamoru",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.9/",
    pages = "105--122",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{sasidhar-2026-depth,
    title = "When Does Depth Recursion Pay? A Parameter-Matched Study of Weight-Tied Hybrid Transformers on 100{M} Unique Words",
    author = "Sasidhar, Aditya",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.10/",
    pages = "123--133",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{paudel-sheshappanavar-2026-parameter,
    title = "Parameter Golf: What Really Works?",
    author = "Paudel, Prashanna Mani  and
      Sheshappanavar, Shivanand Venkanna",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.11/",
    pages = "134--147",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{ku-pierrehumbert-2026-prosodic,
    title = "Prosodic Structure as a Critical Component in Phonemic Language Modelling at {B}aby{LM} Scale",
    author = "Ku, Bill K. S.  and
      Pierrehumbert, Janet B.",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.12/",
    pages = "148--164",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{bylinina-2026-augustinian,
    title = "Augustinian {B}aby{LM}: What Ostensive Definition Can and Cannot Teach a Small Language Model",
    author = "Bylinina, Lisa",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.13/",
    pages = "165--178",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{huda-2026-far,
    title = "How Far Is the Training Corpus from Real Infant Input? Auditing {B}aby{LM} Against Day-Long Home Recordings, and What an Age-of-Acquisition Curriculum Does Not Buy",
    author = "Huda, Imrul",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.14/",
    pages = "179--186",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{mita-etal-2026-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically Inspired Multilingual Pre-Pretraining",
    author = {Mita, Masato  and
      M{\"u}ller-Eberstein, Max  and
      Yamaguchi, Misaki  and
      Oseki, Yohei},
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.15/",
    pages = "187--198",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{badawy-etal-2026-bpe,
    title = "{BPE} vs. Morphology-Aware Tokenization: A Case Study on {A}rabic Language Modeling at {B}aby{LM} Scale",
    author = "Badawy, Mohamed  and
      Marco, Marion Di  and
      Fraser, Alexander",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.16/",
    pages = "199--208",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{veitsman-etal-2026-structural,
    title = "Structural priors for data-efficient language learning",
    author = "Veitsman, Yana  and
      Mayer Martins, Jonas  and
      Lautenschlager, Jonathan  and
      Beinborn, Lisa",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.17/",
    pages = "209--226",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{haider-can-2026-arabic,
    title = "{A}rabic {B}aby{LM}: Effects of Diglossia and Tokenisation",
    author = "Haider, Mozafar  and
      Can, Burcu",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.18/",
    pages = "227--239",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{cacioli-2026-repetition,
    title = "Repetition Without Exclusivity: Scale Sensitivity of Referential Mechanisms in Child-Scale Language Models",
    author = "Cacioli, Jon-Paul",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.19/",
    pages = "240--249",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{ding-etal-2026-reading,
    title = "Reading Acquisition Order out of {B}aby{LM} Representations: Child-Scale Training Produces Developmentally Aligned Semantic Spaces",
    author = "Ding, Chenyi  and
      Houghton, Zachary Nicholas  and
      Jasbi, Masoud",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.20/",
    pages = "250--259",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{brasoveanu-etal-2026-relational,
    title = "Relational Attention for Data-Efficient Language Modeling",
    author = "Brasoveanu, Adrian  and
      Takmaz, Ece  and
      Dotlacil, Jakub",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.21/",
    pages = "260--278",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{pulipaka-barak-2026-translation,
    title = "Can Translation Bridge the Data Gap for Low-Resource Languages? A Case Study of {H}indi and {T}elugu",
    author = "Pulipaka, Venkata Naga Sai Vishnu Rohit  and
      Barak, Libby",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.22/",
    pages = "279--288",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{srivastav-2026-causal,
    title = "Causal, Hybrid, and Ternary Transformers under a Restricted Data Budget",
    author = "Srivastav, Arnav",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.23/",
    pages = "289--298",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{ploner-akbik-2026-randomly,
    title = "Can Randomly Permuting the {LM} Decoding Order Boost Data-Efficiency?",
    author = "Ploner, Max  and
      Akbik, Alan",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.24/",
    pages = "299--308",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2026-weakest,
    title = "When the Weakest Language Keeps Moving: {ARMOR}-{DP} for Multilingual {B}aby{LM}",
    author = "Liao, Hanyu  and
      Chen, Yijing  and
      Ji, Tao",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.25/",
    pages = "309--319",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{theodoropoulos-etal-2026-cross,
    title = "Cross-Linguistic Effects in Bilingual Phoneme {B}aby{LM}s",
    author = "Theodoropoulos, Nikitas  and
      Lymperaiou, Maria  and
      Filandrianos, Giorgos",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.26/",
    pages = "320--332",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{varghese-2026-tinylibrary,
    title = "{T}iny{L}ibrary: Do Age-Graded Curricula Help Small Vision-Language Models?",
    author = "Varghese, Dheeraj",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.27/",
    pages = "333--347",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{zhang-2026-irregularity,
    title = "Not All Irregularity Is Equal: Causally Isolating a Rare Failure Mode in {J}apanese Morphological Inflection",
    author = "Zhang, Wen",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.28/",
    pages = "348--357",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{oytac-2026-trlm,
    title = "{TRLM}: Shared-Weight Recursive Reasoning for Non-Autoregressive Language Generation",
    author = "Oyta{\c{c}}, Do{\u{g}}a",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.29/",
    pages = "358--368",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{wasserman-beauchemin-2026-right,
    title = "Right Tool, Right Job: Native-Language Evaluation, Tokenizer Sensitivity, and Methodological Findings from a {F}rench-Only {B}aby{LM}",
    author = "Wasserman, Adam Zachary  and
      Beauchemin, David",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.30/",
    pages = "369--387",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{finegan-dollak-2026-helped,
    title = "What Helped with Huge Data Hurt with Small Data: Standardization, Representational Geometry, and Data Scale",
    author = "Finegan-Dollak, Catherine",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.31/",
    pages = "388--402",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2026-compact,
    title = "Compact Multilingual Pre-training under the {B}aby{LM} 100{M}-Word Budget with Regex-Guided Tokenization and Attention Residuals",
    author = "Liu, Yihan  and
      Zhang, Tongjing  and
      Nugues, Pierre",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.32/",
    pages = "403--412",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{vaira-etal-2026-different,
    title = "Different Corpora, Different Skills? A Paired Study of Small Language Models",
    author = "Vaira, Edoardo  and
      Chavales, Georgios  and
      Nugues, Pierre",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.33/",
    pages = "413--425",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2026-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the Developmental Shift in Telicity Acquisition",
    author = "Xia, Ellie  and
      Kordjamshidi, Parisa  and
      Ke, Alan Hezao",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.34/",
    pages = "426--437",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{vazquez-martinez-yang-2026-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Form and Function in Language Models",
    author = "Vazquez Martinez, Hector Javier  and
      Yang, Charles",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.35/",
    pages = "438--458",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{perdijk-etal-2026-stories,
    title = "Stories for the Win: Creating and Evaluating a Synthetic {D}utch Children{'}s Storytelling Dataset",
    author = "Perdijk, Sabijn  and
      Wijnholds, Gijs  and
      Verberne, Suzan  and
      van Duijn, Max J.",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.36/",
    pages = "459--478",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{choshen-etal-2026-findings,
    title = "Findings of the Fourth {B}aby{LM} Challenge {\&} Workshop: Going Beyond {E}nglish",
    author = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.37/",
    pages = "479--492",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{palomino-2026-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Auxiliary Objectives through Multi-Task Learning for Small-Data Language Model Pretraining: A {B}aby{LM} 2026 Submission",
    author = "Palomino, Alonso",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.38/",
    pages = "493--503",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{mustafa-etal-2026-moep,
    title = "{M}o{EP}+: Enhancing Modular Expert Paths for Data-Efficient Language Modeling",
    author = "Mustafa, Noor Eidirhn  and
      Melkersson, Valdemar  and
      Nugues, Pierre",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.39/",
    pages = "504--513",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{furr-2026-four,
    title = "Four Kilobytes of Memory: A 10{M}-Parameter Fixed-State Recurrent {LM} for {B}aby{LM} Strict-Small",
    author = "Furr, Sam",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.40/",
    pages = "514--524",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{miles-2026-weight,
    title = "Weight-Tied Looped Depth for Data-Constrained Pretraining",
    author = "Miles, Sebastian",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.41/",
    pages = "525--538",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{wei-2026-olmo2,
    title = "{OLM}o2 with Hybrid {MLM}-{CLM} Training for the {B}aby{LM} 2026 Multilingual Challenge",
    author = "Wei, Zichao",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.42/",
    pages = "539--542",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{hotta-etal-2026-loop,
    title = "Loop Before You Leap: What Recurrent Depth Can and Cannot Buy in Data-Limited Pretraining",
    author = "Hotta, Daichi  and
      Kobashi, Yohei  and
      Kojima, Takeshi  and
      Iwasawa, Yusuke  and
      Matsuo, Yutaka",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.43/",
    pages = "543--562",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{chiang-2026-urchin,
    title = "{URCHIN}: A Horizontal Spiking Language Model for Data-Constrained Pretraining",
    author = "Chiang, Po-Han",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.44/",
    pages = "563--574",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{stepankova-etal-2026-impact,
    title = "The Impact of Preference Optimization Data Selection: Teaching Practical Life Skills to {B}aby{LM}",
    author = "{\v{S}}t{\v{e}}p{\'a}nkov{\'a}, Barbora  and
      Lanz, Vojt{\v{e}}ch  and
      Szymanik, Jakub",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.45/",
    pages = "575--584",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{meyer-2026-subword,
    title = "Subword Segmental {B}aby{LM}s: Learning to Tokenise for Sample-Efficient Pretraining",
    author = "Meyer, Francois",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.46/",
    pages = "585--597",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2026-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Multilingual {B}aby{LM}: The Roles of Tokenization, Data Packing, and Curriculum Learning",
    author = "Yang, Fuming  and
      Yang, Kai-hao  and
      Lien, Hsuan  and
      Edman, Lukas  and
      Fraser, Alexander",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.47/",
    pages = "598--610",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2026-pairing,
    title = "Pairing Original Text with Meaning-Preserving Rewrites for Sample-Efficient Small-Data Language Model Pretraining",
    author = "Wu, Shaoxiang  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Edman, Lukas",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.48/",
    pages = "611--623",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{edman-fraser-2026-qwenfant,
    title = "Qwenfant: Train Big Character-level {B}aby{LM}s on Concise Parallel Text",
    author = "Edman, Lukas  and
      Fraser, Alexander",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.49/",
    pages = "624--630",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{benedikt-etal-2026-data2vec,
    title = "Does a {D}ata2vec Auxiliary Help Small Masked Language Models? A {B}aby{LM}-2026 Strict-Small Study",
    author = "Benedikt, Martin  and
      Dost{\'a}l, Ivan  and
      Klubarski, Robin",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.50/",
    pages = "631--638",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{gulbahar-etal-2026-recursive,
    title = "Recursive Transformers for {B}aby{LM} 2026",
    author = {G{\"u}lbahar, Serdar  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Edman, Lukas},
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.51/",
    pages = "639--645",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{mishra-roy-2026-spend,
    title = "Spend the Wasted Epochs: Preference Post-Training from the Saturation Checkpoint for Sample-Efficient Language Modeling",
    author = "Mishra, Ujjwal  and
      Roy, Sudipta",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.52/",
    pages = "646--658",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{chesi-etal-2026-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Linguistic Parameters in {LM}s",
    author = "Chesi, Cristiano  and
      Fusco, Achille  and
      Formichi, Guido  and
      Rossi, Sarah  and
      Cygan, Hanna B.  and
      Sgrizzi, Tommaso  and
      Zanollo, Asya",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.53/",
    pages = "659--677",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{kamzela-etal-2026-scaling,
    title = "Scaling Compute Instead of Parameters: Exploring Iterative Transformers for Data-Efficient Language Modeling",
    author = "Kamzela, Wiktor  and
      Dusek, Ondrej  and
      Lango, Mateusz",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.54/",
    pages = "678--688",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{islam-etal-2026-learning,
    title = "Learning from Correction: Data-Efficient Language Model Training Through Adaptive Teacher-Model Feedback",
    author = "Islam, Sadri  and
      Kosireddy, Tagore Rao  and
      Li, Kevin  and
      Gaines, Dylan",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.55/",
    pages = "689--701",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{varis-doggett-kennedy-2026-miss,
    title = "Miss Universal Grammar: Pretraining {B}aby{LM}s with Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Sources",
    author = "Varis Doggett, Erika  and
      Kennedy, Mary",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.56/",
    pages = "702--721",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{haller-etal-2026-puzzle,
    title = "From Puzzle-Solver to Language Model: Recurrent Inductive Bias, Data Scale, and Benchmark Validity in {B}aby{LM}",
    author = "Haller, Patrick  and
      Laitenberger, Filipe  and
      Golde, Jonas  and
      Akbik, Alan",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.57/",
    pages = "722--734",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{mori-etal-2026-language,
    title = "Language Allocation and Targeted Data Design for a Multilingual {B}aby{LM}",
    author = "Mori, Naoki  and
      Kyo, Seiji  and
      Goda, Koki",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.58/",
    pages = "735--749",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{rooryck-etal-2026-feeding,
    title = "Feeding {B}aby{LM}s Macaroni: Code-Switching Curricula Cause Cross-Lingual Convergence",
    author = "Rooryck, Dries  and
      Cai, Alexander Dazhen  and
      Belinkov, Yonatan  and
      Alvarez-Melis, David  and
      Brantley, Kiant{\'e}",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.59/",
    pages = "750--766",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{jain-etal-2026-xpertgpt,
    title = "{X}pert{GPT}: Multi-Scale Sparse Expert Routing for Data-Constrained Language Modeling",
    author = "Jain, Soham  and
      Singh, Harsh  and
      Dewan, Divija  and
      Dev, Atul",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.60/",
    pages = "767--778",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2026-babyconceptlm,
    title = "{B}aby{C}oncept{LM}: Exploring Dynamic Concept Computation under Restricted Language Exposure",
    author = "Xu, Yizhe  and
      Song, Ming  and
      He, Danni  and
      Liu, Jianghao  and
      Wang, Yitong  and
      Cai, Qing",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.61/",
    pages = "779--804",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2026-introducing,
    title = "Introducing Code-Switched Contexts to Cognitively-Inspired Bilingual Model Training",
    author = "Huang, Zhuojing  and
      Pohlmann, Luise  and
      Beinborn, Lisa",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.62/",
    pages = "805--822",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{satheesh-etal-2026-babysteps,
    title = "{B}aby{S}teps at {B}aby{LM} 2026: Stronger Optimization and Causal Baselines for Data-Constrained Pretraining",
    author = "Satheesh, Siddhi  and
      Murillo, Jorge C  and
      Chen, Yubei",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.63/",
    pages = "823--830",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2026-learning-combine,
    title = "Learning What Can Combine and What Can Substitute: Relational Inductive Biases for {B}aby{LM} Pretraining",
    author = "Yang, Yuwei  and
      Pu, Shihao  and
      Feng, Gefei  and
      Yang, Yiming",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.64/",
    pages = "831--842",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{bohn-etal-2026-domain,
    title = "Domain-Based Routing in Mixture-of-Experts Models for {B}aby{LM}s",
    author = "Bohn, Jeremias  and
      Feiertag, Sebastian  and
      Raube, Nicolas  and
      Schwenger, Emil  and
      Groh, Georg",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.65/",
    pages = "843--858",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{mikat-fahim-2026-dense,
    title = "Dense Supervision, Gentle Decay: Curriculum-Guided Rebalancing of {ELECTRA}-Style {RTD} and {MLM} for Small-Data Pretraining",
    author = "Mikat, Aftab Hossain  and
      Fahim, Tamjid Hasan",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.66/",
    pages = "859--874",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{rodriguez-2026-tokens,
    title = "Tokens of Meaning: Semantically-Informed Morphological Tokenization in Low-Resource Language Modeling",
    author = "Rodriguez, Juan Diego",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.67/",
    pages = "875--891",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{wang-2026-input,
    title = "What Does Input-Dependent Depth Routing Buy in Data-Limited Language Modeling?",
    author = "Wang, Yupei",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.68/",
    pages = "892--903",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{hwang-etal-2026-language,
    title = "Language Exposure Matters: Distribution and Order in Multilingual {B}aby{LM} Pre-training",
    author = "Hwang, JiWoo  and
      Edman, Lukas  and
      Fraser, Alexander",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.69/",
    pages = "904--911",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2026-looped,
    title = "Looped {GPT}-{BERT}: Trading Parameters for Computation in Small Language Modeling",
    author = "Fan, Tingshuo  and
      Mu, Hongtao  and
      Zhou, Tianyu  and
      Liu, Hansen  and
      Ji, Tao",
    editor = "Choshen, Leshem  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Gul, Mustafa Omer  and
      Jumelet, Jaap  and
      Linzen, Tal  and
      Mueller, Aaron  and
      Salhan, Suchir  and
      Shah, Raj Sanjay  and
      Warstadt, Alex  and
      Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second {B}aby{LM} Workshop",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.70/",
    pages = "912--921",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-475-0"
}