Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026)

Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor 2026-07 Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA text conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 bea-2026-1 https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.0/ Theory of Mind and Application in Educational Context Effat Farhana author Maha Zainab author Qiaosi Wang author Niloofar Mireshghallah author Ramira van der Meulen author Max van Duijn author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 farhana-etal-2026-theory https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.1/ 2026-07 1 6 Inferring Student Engagement via Real-Time Thermal–Visual Voice Activity Detection Bradley Goodman author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 goodman-2026-inferring https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.2/ 2026-07 7 20 Investigating Context-aware CTC for Pronunciation Assessment: Mitigating Peaky Behavior and Context Independency Assumption Jiun-Ting Li author Tien-Hong Lo author Bi-Cheng Yan author Shih-Hsuan Chiu author Fu-An Chao author Berlin Chen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 li-etal-2026-investigating https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.3/ 2026-07 21 33 A Survey of Automated Presentation Coaching: Systems, Methods, and Open Challenges Wen Liang author Li Siyan author Zackary Rackauckas author Julia Hirschberg author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 liang-etal-2026-survey https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.4/ 2026-07 34 47 The Aftermath of DrawEduMath: Vision Language Models Underperform with Struggling Students and Misdiagnose Errors Li Lucy author Albert Zhang author Nathan Anderson author Ryan Knight author Kyle Lo author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 lucy-etal-2026-aftermath https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.5/ 2026-07 48 62 Criterial Features in German: Towards Interpretable NLP in Readability Assessment Denise Loefflad author Sofia Kathmann author Heiko Holz author Detmar Meurers author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 loefflad-etal-2026-criterial https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.6/ 2026-07 63 77 Letting Tutor Personas Speak Up for LLMs: Learning Steering Vectors from Dialogue via Preference Optimization Jaewook Lee author Alexander Scarlatos author Simon Woodhead author Andrew Lan author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 lee-etal-2026-letting https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.7/ 2026-07 78 92 Towards Just-in-Time Adaptive Feedback: Enhancing Student Learning via Knowledge-Grounded LLM Younghun Lee author Amir Bralin author Nobel Sanjay Rebello author Dan Goldwasser author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 lee-etal-2026-towards https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.8/ 2026-07 93 107 RABIT: Rationale-Based Distillation Towards Interpretable Automatic Speaking Assessment via a Small Language Model Bi-Cheng Yan author Hong-Yun Lin author Fu-An Chao author Jiun-Ting Li author Berlin Chen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 yan-etal-2026-rabit https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.9/ 2026-07 108 117 Towards Pedagogically Aligned LLM Tutors for Math Mistake Remediation Kseniia Petukhova author Tien Dat Nguyen author Ekaterina Kochmar author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 petukhova-etal-2026-towards https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.10/ 2026-07 118 140 Challenges in Machine Translation of Interactive Multimodal Exercises Lucie Polakova author Miroslav Hrabal author Věra Kloudová author Michal Novák author Mariia Anisimova author Martin Popel author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 polakova-etal-2026-challenges https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.11/ 2026-07 141 152 Evaluating LLM Workflows for Generating Clinical Communication Assessment Items: A Comparative Study with Subject-Matter Experts Christopher Runyon author Peter Baldwin author Ian Micir author Kevin Frome author Stephanie Mann author Saed Rezayi author Keelan Evanini author Victoria Yaneva author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 runyon-etal-2026-evaluating https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.12/ 2026-07 153 173 Towards Self-Referential Analytic Assessment: A Profile-Based Approach to L2 Writing Evaluation with LLMs Stefano Banno author Kate Knill author Mark Gales author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 banno-etal-2026-towards https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.13/ 2026-07 174 189 Using Interaction Log Data to Evaluate and Improve Feedback Accuracy in an Intelligent Language Tutoring System Mariia Soliar author Leona Colling author Stephen Bodnar author Detmar Meurers author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 soliar-etal-2026-using https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.14/ 2026-07 190 207 A Bigger Catch: Fine-Grained Curriculum Standards Alignment on the MathFish Benchmark Xinman Liu author Mayank Sharma author Xinyu Shi author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 liu-etal-2026-bigger https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.15/ 2026-07 208 220 Through the Sentence Lens: Explainable Essay Scoring through Fine-Grained Predictions Daniel Mora Melanchthon author Stefan Keller author Andrea Horbach author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 melanchthon-etal-2026-sentence https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.16/ 2026-07 221 233 Instruction-Following LLMs for Grammatical Error Correction: Analyzing Neutral-Anchored Instructional Sensitivity Across Editing Modes Tolgahan Türker author Gülşen Eryiğit author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 turker-eryigit-2026-instruction https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.17/ 2026-07 234 247 Assessing the Quality and Consistency of Automated Knowledge Component Generation using Instructor-generated Questions and LLMs Jordan Esiason author Priyanka Khare author Wookhee Min author Seung Lee author Gamze Ozogul author Xiaoying Zheng author Yeil Jeong author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 esiason-etal-2026-assessing https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.18/ 2026-07 248 258 Estimating LLM Grading Ability and Response Difficulty in Automatic Short Answer Grading via Item Response Theory Longwei Cong author Sonja Hahn author Sebastian Gombert author Leon Camus author Hendrik Drachsler author Ulf Kroehne author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 cong-etal-2026-estimating https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.19/ 2026-07 259 271 Using k-Shot Prompting with Large k for the Automated Scoring of a German Written Elicited Imitation Test Malte Sternik author Ronja Laarmann-Quante author Anastasia Drackert author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 sternik-etal-2026-using https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.20/ 2026-07 272 280 Kelvi: A Morphological Parser to Support Tamil Literacy Shankhalika Srikanth author Sabrina Yu author Sophia Chan author Madeline Solis de Ovando author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 srikanth-etal-2026-kelvi https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.21/ 2026-07 281 291 From Questions to Assessment Tuples: A Multi-Agent Framework with Bloom-Specialized Agents and Automated Verification Gee-Lyle Wong author Runcong Zhao author Yulan He author Jiazheng Li author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 wong-etal-2026-questions https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.22/ 2026-07 292 335 Intent vs. Surface: Recovering Acoustic Realization from Modern ASR for Pronunciation Training Seongjin Park author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 park-2026-intent https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.23/ 2026-07 336 346 KEYSCORE — Keystroke-enhanced Automated Essay Scoring Nils-Jonathan Schaller author Daniel Mora Melanchthon author Thorben Jansen author Olaf Köller author Andrea Horbach author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 schaller-etal-2026-keyscore https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.24/ 2026-07 347 357 EduMUSE: A Multimodal Educational Dataset with Automatically Extracted Instructional Context Andreea Dutulescu author Stefan Ruseti author Mihai Dascalu author Danielle McNamara author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 dutulescu-etal-2026-edumuse https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.25/ 2026-07 358 367 Opportunities and Challenges of LLMs in Education: An NLP Perspective Sowmya Vajjala author Bashar Alhafni author Stefano Banno author Kaushal Maurya author Ekaterina Kochmar author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 vajjala-etal-2026-opportunities https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.26/ 2026-07 368 404 Fine-Grained Content Zone Prediction in German Argumentative Essays Using LLMs Xiaoyu Bai author Manfred Stede author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 bai-stede-2026-fine https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.27/ 2026-07 405 418 Multi-step Large Language Model for Fine-Grained Feedback in Stepwise Linear Equation Solutions Imran Chamieh author Torsten Zesch author Klaus Giebermann author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 chamieh-etal-2026-multi https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.28/ 2026-07 419 431 Quality-Conditioned Agreement in Automated Short Answer Scoring: Mid-Range Degradation and the Impact of Task-Specific Adaptation Abigail Gurin Schleifer author Moriah Ariely author Beata Beigman Klebanov author Asaf Salman author Giora Alexandron author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 gurin-schleifer-etal-2026-quality https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.29/ 2026-07 432 442 Using LLMs for item creation: Validating the potential of automatically generated sentence repetition test items for language assessment Sarah Löber author Björn Rudzewitz author Yuan Chu author Mengyuan He author Shiqin Liu author Yushan Ye author Xiaobin Chen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 lober-etal-2026-using https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.30/ 2026-07 443 454 Comparative Evaluation of AI-Generated vs. Expert-written Answer Explanations for a Medical Education Self-Assessment Yiyun Zhou author Francis O’Donnell author Victoria Yaneva author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 zhou-etal-2026-comparative https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.31/ 2026-07 455 462 What Aggregate Scores Hide: Per-Rule Evaluation of Russian Grammatical Error Correction Anna Smirnova author Artyom Kopan author Vladislav Makeev author George Chernishev author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 smirnova-etal-2026-aggregate https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.32/ 2026-07 463 478 FinnGEC: Benchmarking Grammatical Error Correction for Finnish Anh-Duc Vu author Mikhail Zolotilin author Jue Hou author Anisia Katinskaia author Yiheng Wu author Roman Yangarber author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 vu-etal-2026-finngec https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.33/ 2026-07 479 491 From Metrics to Meaning: Rule-Grounded LLM Explanations for Data Literacy in the Case of Youth Football Tomasz Piłka author Tomasz Kuczyński author Mateusz Czajka author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 pilka-etal-2026-metrics https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.34/ 2026-07 492 502 Classification of Student Struggle in Mathematics Hannah Levin author Madhura Padwal author Nchimunya Mwiinga author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 levin-etal-2026-classification https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.36/ 2026-07 513 528 PERSA: Reinforcement Learning for Professor-Style Personalized Feedback with LLMs Ravi Kumar author Utkarsh Grover author Xiaomin Lin author Agoritsa Polyzou author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 kumar-etal-2026-persa https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.37/ 2026-07 529 545 Data-lean fine-tuning of models for evaluating teacher performance in a GenAI-led elicitation simulation Beata Beigman Klebanov author Andrew Hoang author Jamie Mikeska author Benny Longwill author Sanjna Kashyap author Shreyashi Halder author Aakanksha Bhatia author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 beigman-klebanov-etal-2026-data https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.38/ 2026-07 546 561 Multi-component student writing profiles for expert-aligned automated evaluation of English learner essays. Russell Moore author Andrew Caines author Paula Buttery author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 moore-etal-2026-multi https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.39/ 2026-07 562 573 Policy-Sensitive Fairness Evaluation in Automated Scoring of Clinical Communication Saed Rezayi author Le An Ha author Victoria Yaneva author Polina Harik author Janet Mee author Jason Snyder author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 rezayi-etal-2026-policy https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.40/ 2026-07 574 580 Noise Steering for Controlled Text Generation: Improving Diversity and Reading-Level Fidelity in Arabic Educational Story Generation Haziq Khalid author Salsabeel Shapsough author Imran Zualkernan author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 khalid-etal-2026-noise https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.41/ 2026-07 581 597 The Effects of Structured LLM-Generated Feedback on Programming Assignment Performance Tsvetomila Mihaylova author Evanfiya Logacheva author Arto Hellas author Jing Fan author Francisco Castro author Bita Akram author Narges Norouzi author Peter Brusilovsky author Juho Leinonen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 mihaylova-etal-2026-effects https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.42/ 2026-07 598 611 Interpretable Difficulty-Aware Knowledge Tracing in Tutor-Student Dialogues Shuyan Huang author Alexander Scarlatos author Jaewook Lee author Andrew Lan author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 huang-etal-2026-interpretable https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.43/ 2026-07 612 623 Rubrics as Semantic Subspaces: A Unified Approach to Rubric-based Constructed Response Scoring across Short Answers and Essays Sebastian Gombert author Sonja Hahn author Nico Andersen author Leon Camus author Zhifan Sun author Ngoc Nhu Hao Nguyen author Fabian Zehner author Longwei Cong author Alexander Mehler author Hendrik Drachsler author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 gombert-etal-2026-rubrics https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.44/ 2026-07 624 634 Domain-Adaptive Pre-training for Automated Short Answer Grading in Conceptual Physics: Reliability, Question-Level Analysis, and Error Reduction Shirin Lade author Alistair Willis author Jonathan Nylk author Oli Howson author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 lade-etal-2026-domain https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.45/ 2026-07 635 650 Measuring Optimal Challenge: Trajectory-Based Difficulty Alignment in Open-Ended Language Tutoring Ziqi Shu author Shuman Wang author Michael Hardy author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 shu-etal-2026-measuring https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.46/ 2026-07 651 667 PeerMathDial: A Middle School Dialogue Dataset for Student Collaborative Math Problem Solving Murong Yue author Desmond Mcglone author Emily Slutz author Wenhan Lyu author Yixuan Zhang author Jennifer Suh author Ziyu Yao author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 yue-etal-2026-peermathdial https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.47/ 2026-07 668 684 Effects of Varying LLM Access on Essay Writing Behavior Julia Christenson author Karin de Langis author Shirley Anugrah Hayati author Dongyeop Kang author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 christenson-etal-2026-effects https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.48/ 2026-07 685 701 Assessment of L2 speech global dimensions using large audio language models Elsayed Issa author Mahmoud Ali author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 issa-ali-2026-assessment https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.49/ 2026-07 702 714 Incentives Of EdTech: A Systematic Review Of EduNLP Research Gabrielle Gaudeau author Aoife O’Driscoll author Jasper Degraeuwe author Andrew Caines author Donya Rooein author Zeerak Talat author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 gaudeau-etal-2026-incentives https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.50/ 2026-07 715 750 Children’s English Reading Story Generation via Supervised Fine-Tuning of Compact LLMs with Controllable Difficulty and Safety Qian Shen author Fanghua Cao author Min Yao author Shlok Gilda author Bonnie Dorr author Walter Leite author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 shen-etal-2026-childrens https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.51/ 2026-07 751 765 Transformer-based readability classifiers are worse than you think: Evidence from cross-domain Arabic readability assessment Sarh Alzu’Bi author Robert Reynolds author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 alzubi-reynolds-2026-transformer https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.52/ 2026-07 766 776 Predicting Item Difficulty and Generating Reading Comprehension Items via an Annotated Repository Radhika Kapoor author Mayank Sharma author Sang Truong author Nick Haber author Ben Domingue author Maria Ruiz-Primo author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 kapoor-etal-2026-predicting https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.53/ 2026-07 777 797 Generative-Evaluative Agreement: A Necessary Validity Criterion for LLM-Enabled Adaptive Assessment Grandee Lee author Yue Wang author Che Yee Lye author Luke Peh author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 lee-etal-2026-generative https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.54/ 2026-07 798 812 Evaluating LLM-Generated Formative Feedback for Undergraduate Mathematics Through the Lens of Feedback Theory Aron Gohr author Marie-Amelie Lawn author Kevin Gao author Inigo Serjeant author Stephen Heslip author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 gohr-etal-2026-evaluating https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.55/ 2026-07 813 818 Confirming Correct, Missing the Rest: LLM Tutoring Agents Struggle Where Feedback Matters Most Tahreem Yasir author Wenbo Li author Sam Gilson author Sutapa Tithi author Xiaoyi Tian author Tiffany Barnes author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 yasir-etal-2026-confirming https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.56/ 2026-07 819 840 Retrieval-Augmented Tutoring for Algorithm Tracing and Problem-Solving in AI Education Mragisha Jain author Tirth Bhatt author Griffin Pitts author Aum Pandya author Peter Brusilovsky author Narges Norouzi author Arto Hellas author Juho Leinonen author Bita Akram author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 jain-etal-2026-retrieval https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.57/ 2026-07 841 850 LLM-Powered but Rule-Grounded: Pedagogically Relevant Grammatical Error Characterization for Learner Model Construction Soroosh Akef author Amália Mendes author P Rebuschat author Detmar Meurers author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 akef-etal-2026-llm https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.58/ 2026-07 851 862 Teaching Through Analogies: A Modular Pipeline for Educational Analogy Generation Mariam Barakat author Ekaterina Kochmar author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 barakat-kochmar-2026-teaching https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.59/ 2026-07 863 898 Edit-level Majority Voting Mitigates Over-Correction in LLM-based Grammatical Error Correction Takumi Goto author Yusuke Sakai author Taro Watanabe author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 goto-etal-2026-edit https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.60/ 2026-07 899 913 Zero Shot Phonics: Evaluating Constraint-Adherent Phonics Story Generation in Large Language Models Maria Monica Manlises author Ethel Ong author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 manlises-ong-2026-zero https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.61/ 2026-07 914 932 From Dialogue to Learner Modeling: Identifying Candidate Signals of Productive Use in LLM-Based Grammar Practice Luisa Ribeiro-Flucht author Lanhua Huang author Xiaobin Chen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 ribeiro-flucht-etal-2026-dialogue https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.62/ 2026-07 933 940 Evaluating Adaptive Personalization of Educational Readings with Simulated Learners Ryan Woo author Anmol Rao author Aryan Keluskar author Yinong Chen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 woo-etal-2026-evaluating https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.63/ 2026-07 941 950 Toward Cross-Domain Automated Feedback: A Comparative Evaluation of Open-Source Models across Diverse Student Assessment Types Muhammad Haseeb author Min Paing Hmue author Ahmad Imam Amjad author Maaz Amjad author Victor Sheng author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 haseeb-etal-2026-toward https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.64/ 2026-07 951 963 Findings of the BEA 2026 Shared Task on Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction for English Learners Mariano Felice author Lucy Skidmore author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 felice-skidmore-2026-findings https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.65/ 2026-07 964 984 SATLab at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Predicting the Difficulty of English Words for Three L1 Learners Using Primarily Psycholinguistic Features Yves Bestgen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 bestgen-2026-satlab https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.66/ 2026-07 985 991 UGA Threshold at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Predicting Vocabulary Acquisition Difficulty with Hand-Crafted SLA-Based Features Emma Dalbo author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 dalbo-2026-uga https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.67/ 2026-07 992 996 TeamXBC at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: How AI (and I) won the shared task: Vibe and agentic coding solutions for practical machine learning problems Xiaobin Chen author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 chen-2026-teamxbc https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.68/ 2026-07 997 1009 SAAKTH at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: L1-Aware English Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction with Hybrid Transformer and Psycholinguistic Features Karthik Mattu author Adit Dhall author Arshad Naguru author Shubh Sehgal author Thejas Gowda author Hakyung Sung author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 mattu-etal-2026-saakth https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.69/ 2026-07 1010 1015 SurreyCTS at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Semantic Funnelling and Entropy-based Multilingual Lexical Difficulty Prediction Georgina Willoughby author Jordan Painter author Diptesh Kanojia author Emily Wells author Constantin Orasan author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 willoughby-etal-2026-surreycts https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.70/ 2026-07 1016 1023 EduNLP at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Multi-Model Ensemble with Feature-Augmented Transformers for Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Avinash Kumar Sharma author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 sharma-2026-edunlp https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.71/ 2026-07 1024 1028 AIDA at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: A Two-Stage Framework for L1-Aware Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction with Representation Diversity and Residual Calibration Seok Hyeon Cho author JunHyeok Choi author Sangeun Ji author Sung Won Han author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 cho-etal-2026-aida https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.72/ 2026-07 1029 1040 Failure at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: One Pipeline, Three L1s: A Unified Language-Agnostic System for Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Abid Hossain author Kamruzzaman Khan Alve author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 hossain-alve-2026-failure https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.73/ 2026-07 1041 1046 BoostedCats at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: What Makes a Word Hard to Learn? Modeling L1 Influence on English Vocabulary Difficulty Jonas Mayer Martins author Zhuojing Huang author Aaricia Herygers author Lisa Beinborn author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 mayer-martins-etal-2026-boostedcats https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.74/ 2026-07 1047 1064 uogal at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Ensemble of Multilingual Encoders with NMT Augmentation for L1-Aware Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Bernardo Stearns author John P McCrae author Thomas Gaillat author Jefkine Kafunah author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 stearns-etal-2026-uogal https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.75/ 2026-07 1065 1076 Jinnie’s Lab at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Precalibration of Vocabulary Item Difficulty with Multilingual Transformers and Multi-Task Learning Zhe Li author Pauline Aguinalde author Jinnie Shin author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 li-etal-2026-jinnies https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.76/ 2026-07 1077 1090 Glite at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Holistic Difficulty Models Dominate, Feature Engineering Closes the Gap in L1-Aware Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Vassili Philippov author Dmitrii Andreev author Pavel Katunin author Anton Nikolaev author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 philippov-etal-2026-glite https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.77/ 2026-07 1091 1105 NLP-Explorers at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: DeBERTa–CatBoost Weighted Ensemble Approach for L1-Specific Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Tayyab Latif author Asifa Bibi author Sabur Butt author Grigori Sidorov author Alexander Gelbukh author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 latif-etal-2026-nlp https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.78/ 2026-07 1106 1112 RETUYT-INCO at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Feature-Enriched mDeBERTa for Word Difficulty Prediction Santiago Robaina author Aiala Rosá author Luis Chiruzzo author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 robaina-etal-2026-retuyt https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.79/ 2026-07 1113 1118 Token Titans at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Multilingual Lexical Complexity Prediction via Fine-Tuned XLM-RoBERTa with Ensemble Decoding Anubhab Parashar author Sandeep Mathias author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 parashar-mathias-2026-token https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.80/ 2026-07 1119 1123 TOEBM at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Improving Lexical Difficulty Prediction with Context-Aligned Contrastive Learning and Ridge Ensembling wicaksono M. author Joanito Lopo author Tsamarah Nugraha author Ahmad Adi author Muhamad Nurfajri author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 m-etal-2026-toebm https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.81/ 2026-07 1124 1136 Data Asgardians at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: A Hybrid Transformer–Feature Ensemble for L1-Aware English Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Adrian Pineda author Sabur Butt author Héctor Ceballos Cancino author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 pineda-etal-2026-data https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.82/ 2026-07 1137 1145 UOL@IDEM at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: Neural Fusion and Feature-Rich Modeling for L1-Aware Vocabulary Difficulty Prediction Nouran Khallaf author Serge Sharoff author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 khallaf-sharoff-2026-uol https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.83/ 2026-07 1146 1160 Sakura at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: What Makes Vocabulary Difficult? Adam Nohejl author Xuanxin Wu author Yusuke Ide author Maria Riera Machin author Yi-Ning Chang author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 nohejl-etal-2026-sakura https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.84/ 2026-07 1161 1178 Report on the BEA 2026 Shared Task on Rubric-based Short Answer Scoring for German Sebastian Gombert author Zhifan Sun author Fabian Zehner author Jannik Lossjew author Tobias Wyrwich author Berrit Czinczel author David Bednorz author Sascha Bernholt author Knut Neumann author Ute Harms author Aiso Heinze author Hendrik Drachsler author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 gombert-etal-2026-report https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.85/ 2026-07 1179 1192 HFT at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Blunt-Edge Models for Hybrid Grading Ulrike Pado author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 pado-2026-hft https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.86/ 2026-07 1193 1200 ASLAN at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Voting Across Scoring Paradigms Marie Bexte author Yuning Ding author Josef Ruppenhofer author Nils-Jonathan Schaller author Daniel Mora Melanchthon author Torsten Zesch author Andrea Horbach author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 bexte-etal-2026-aslan https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.87/ 2026-07 1201 1209 WSE Research at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Multi-Strategy Rubric-Based Short Answer Scoring for German Jonas Gwozdz author Andreas Both author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 gwozdz-both-2026-wse https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.88/ 2026-07 1210 1216 AMATI at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Automatic Short Answer Grading with Inductive Logic Programming and a Large Language Model Alistair Willis author Aisling Third author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 willis-third-2026-amati https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.89/ 2026-07 1217 1223 IWM-DKM at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Supplementing Supervised Fine-Tuning for Rubric-Based Short Answer Scoring Kate Belcher author Marius De Kuthy Meurers author Kordula De Kuthy author Detmar Meurers author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 belcher-etal-2026-iwm https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.90/ 2026-07 1224 1234 RETUYT-INCO at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Meta-prompting in Rubric-based Scoring for German Ignacio Sastre author Ignacio Remersaro author Facundo Díaz author Nicolás De Horta author Luis Chiruzzo author Aiala Rosá author Santiago Góngora author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 sastre-etal-2026-retuyt https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.91/ 2026-07 1235 1243 SDPA at BEA 2026 Shared Task 2: Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning for Rubric-based Short Answer Scoring Zhexiong Liu author Jing Zhang author 2026-07 text Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026) Ekaterina Kochmar editor Bashar Alhafni editor Stefano Bannò editor Marie Bexte editor Jill Burstein editor Andrea Horbach editor Ronja Laarmann-Quante editor Anais Tack editor Victoria Yaneva editor Zheng Yuan editor Association for Computational Linguistics San Diego, California, USA conference publication 979-8-89176-409-5 liu-zhang-2026-sdpa https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.92/ 2026-07 1244 1251