Self-Recognition in Language Models

Tim Davidson, Viacheslav Surkov, Veniamin Veselovsky, Giuseppe Russo, Robert West, Caglar Gulcehre


Abstract
A rapidly growing number of applications rely on a small set of closed-source language models (LMs). This dependency might introduce novel security risks if LMs develop self-recognition capabilities. Inspired by human identity verification methods, we propose a novel approach for assessing self-recognition in LMs using model-generated “security questions”. Our test can be externally administered to keep track of frontier models as it does not require access to internal model parameters or output probabilities. We use our test to examine self-recognition in ten of the most capable open- and closed-source LMs currently publicly available. Our extensive experiments found no empirical evidence of general or consistent self-recognition in any examined LM. Instead, our results suggest that given a set of alternatives, LMs seek to pick the “best” answer, regardless of its origin. Moreover, we find indications that preferences about which models produce the best answers are consistent across LMs. We additionally uncover novel insights on position bias considerations for LMs in multiple-choice settings.
Anthology ID:
2024.findings-emnlp.703
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
12032–12059
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.703
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Tim Davidson, Viacheslav Surkov, Veniamin Veselovsky, Giuseppe Russo, Robert West, and Caglar Gulcehre. 2024. Self-Recognition in Language Models. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pages 12032–12059, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Self-Recognition in Language Models (Davidson et al., Findings 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.703.pdf