ParallelPARC: A Scalable Pipeline for Generating Natural-Language Analogies

Oren Sultan, Yonatan Bitton, Ron Yosef, Dafna Shahaf


Abstract
Analogy-making is central to human cognition, allowing us to adapt to novel situations – an ability that current AI systems still lack. Most analogy datasets today focus on simple analogies (e.g., word analogies); datasets including complex types of analogies are typically manually curated and very small. We believe that this holds back progress in computational analogy.In this work, we design a data generation pipeline, ParallelPARC (Parallel Paragraph Creator) leveraging state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) to create complex, paragraph-based analogies, as well as distractors, both simple and challenging. We demonstrate our pipeline and create ProPara-Logy, a dataset of analogies between scientific processes. We publish a gold-set, validated by humans, and a silver-set, generated automatically. We test LLMs’ and humans’ analogy recognition in binary and multiple-choice settings, and found that humans outperform the best models (∼13% gap) after a light supervision. We demonstrate that our silver-set is useful for training models. Lastly, we show challenging distractors confuse LLMs, but not humans. We hope our pipeline will encourage research in this emerging field.
Anthology ID:
2024.naacl-long.329
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Month:
June
Year:
2024
Address:
Mexico City, Mexico
Editors:
Kevin Duh, Helena Gomez, Steven Bethard
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
5900–5924
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.329
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.329
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Oren Sultan, Yonatan Bitton, Ron Yosef, and Dafna Shahaf. 2024. ParallelPARC: A Scalable Pipeline for Generating Natural-Language Analogies. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 5900–5924, Mexico City, Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
ParallelPARC: A Scalable Pipeline for Generating Natural-Language Analogies (Sultan et al., NAACL 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.329.pdf