Unveiling Factual Recall Behaviors of Large Language Models through Knowledge Neurons

Yifei Wang, Yuheng Chen, Wanting Wen, Yu Sheng, Linjing Li, Daniel Zeng


Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) actively recall or retrieve their internal repositories of factual knowledge when faced with reasoning tasks. Through an analysis of LLMs’ internal factual recall at each reasoning step via Knowledge Neurons, we reveal that LLMs fail to harness the critical factual associations under certain circumstances. Instead, they tend to opt for alternative, shortcut-like pathways to answer reasoning questions. By manually manipulating the recall process of parametric knowledge in LLMs, we demonstrate that enhancing this recall process directly improves reasoning performance whereas suppressing it leads to notable degradation. Furthermore, we assess the effect of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, a powerful technique for addressing complex reasoning tasks. Our findings indicate that CoT can intensify the recall of factual knowledge by encouraging LLMs to engage in orderly and reliable reasoning. Furthermore, we explored how contextual conflicts affect the retrieval of facts during the reasoning process to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factual recall behaviors of LLMs. Code and data will be available soon.
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.420
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
7388–7402
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.420
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Yifei Wang, Yuheng Chen, Wanting Wen, Yu Sheng, Linjing Li, and Daniel Zeng. 2024. Unveiling Factual Recall Behaviors of Large Language Models through Knowledge Neurons. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 7388–7402, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Unveiling Factual Recall Behaviors of Large Language Models through Knowledge Neurons (Wang et al., EMNLP 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.420.pdf