Precise Model Benchmarking with Only a Few Observations

Riccardo Fogliato, Pratik Patil, Nil-Jana Akpinar, Mathew Monfort


Abstract
How can we precisely estimate a large language model’s (LLM) accuracy on questions belonging to a specific topic within a larger question-answering dataset? The standard direct estimator, which averages the model’s accuracy on the questions in each subgroup, may exhibit high variance for subgroups (topics) with small sample sizes. Synthetic regression modeling, which leverages the model’s accuracy on questions about other topics, may yield biased estimates that are too unreliable for large subgroups. We prescribe a simple yet effective solution: an empirical Bayes (EB) estimator that balances direct and regression estimates for each subgroup separately, improving the precision of subgroup-level estimates of model performance. Our experiments on multiple datasets show that this approach consistently provides more precise estimates of the LLM performance compared to the direct and regression approaches, achieving substantial reductions in the mean squared error. Confidence intervals for EB estimates also have near-nominal coverage and are narrower compared to those for the direct estimator. Additional experiments on tabular and vision data validate the benefits of this EB approach.
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.536
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
9563–9575
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.536
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Riccardo Fogliato, Pratik Patil, Nil-Jana Akpinar, and Mathew Monfort. 2024. Precise Model Benchmarking with Only a Few Observations. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 9563–9575, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Precise Model Benchmarking with Only a Few Observations (Fogliato et al., EMNLP 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.536.pdf
Software:
 2024.emnlp-main.536.software.zip