On Fake News Detection with LLM Enhanced Semantics Mining

Xiaoxiao Ma, Yuchen Zhang, Kaize Ding, Jian Yang, Jia Wu, Hao Fan


Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as valuable tools for enhancing textual features in various text-related tasks. Despite their superiority in capturing the lexical semantics between tokens for text analysis, our preliminary study on two popular LLMs, i.e., ChatGPT and Llama2, showcases that simply applying the news embeddings from LLMs is ineffective for fake news detection. Such embeddings only encapsulate the language styles between tokens. Meanwhile, the high-level semantics among named entities and topics, which reveal the deviating patterns of fake news, have been ignored. Therefore, we propose a topic model together with a set of specially designed prompts to extract topics and real entities from LLMs and model the relations among news, entities, and topics as a heterogeneous graph to facilitate investigating news semantics. We then propose a Generalized Page-Rank model and a consistent learning criteria for mining the local and global semantics centered on each news piece through the adaptive propagation of features across the graph. Our model shows superior performance on five benchmark datasets over seven baseline methods and the efficacy of the key ingredients has been thoroughly validated.
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.31
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
508–521
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.31
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Xiaoxiao Ma, Yuchen Zhang, Kaize Ding, Jian Yang, Jia Wu, and Hao Fan. 2024. On Fake News Detection with LLM Enhanced Semantics Mining. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 508–521, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
On Fake News Detection with LLM Enhanced Semantics Mining (Ma et al., EMNLP 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.31.pdf