Machine Translation Archive

Index to methods, techniques, processes

Publications 1990-1999

For other periods go to: Publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004; publications 1970-1989; publications before 1970

 

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Alignment (see also Character alignment, Statistical analysis, Word alignment)

(1999) Lars Ahrenberg, Magnus Merkel, Daniel Ridings, Anna Sågvall Hein & Jörg Tiedemann. Automatic processing of parallel corpora: A Swedish perspective. Linköping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science, vol. 4 (1999), nr: 2, December 1999. 45pp. [PDF, 3449KB]

(1999) Sergio Barrachina & Juan Miguel Vilar: Bilingual clustering using monolingual algorithms.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 77-87 [PDF, 189KB]

(1999) Tomaž Erjavec: The ELAN Slovene-English aligned corpus. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 349-357. [PDF, 250KB]

(1999) Yiping Li, Chimu Pun, & Fei Wu: Portuguese-Chinese machine translation in Macao. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 236-243. [PDF, 236KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait, Maeve Olohan, & Arturo Trujillo: A building blocks approach to translation memory.  Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 15pp. [PDF, 94KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait & Arturo Trujillo: A language-neutral sparse-data algorithm for extracting translation patterns. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 98-108 [PDF, 180KB]

(1999) I. Dan Melamed: Bitext maps and alignment via pattern recognition. Computational Linguistics 25 (1), pp. 107-130 [PDF, 1562KB]

(1999) Franz Josef Och, Christoph Tillmann, & Hermann Ney: Improved alignment models for statistical machine translation. Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.20-28. [PDF, 768KB]

(1999) Elena Paskaleva: Aligning and extracting translation equivalents from EU documents - a possible look on EU integration. In: EAMT Workshop, Prague, April 22-23,1999 [abstract only, PDF]

(1999) Stelios Piperidis, Christos Malavazos, & Ioannis Triantafyllou: A multi-level framework for memory-based translation aid tools. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 9pp. [PDF, 71KB]

(1999) Michel Simard: Text-translation alignment: three languages are better than two. Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.2-11. [PDF, 958KB]

(1998) Joseba Abaitua, Arantza Casillas, & Raquel Martínez: Value added tagging for multilingual resource management. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1003-1007. [PDF, 64KB]

 (1998) Achim Blatt: EURAMIS alignment and translation memory technology. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1998; pp.74-101. [PDF, 392KB]

(1998) Sotiris Boutsis & Stelios Piperidis: Aligning clauses in parallel texts. Third conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Nancy Ide and Atro Voutilainen, 2 June 1998, Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain; pp.17-26. [PDF, 665KB]

(1998) Nigel Collier, Kenji Ono, & Hideki Hirakawa: An experiment in hybrid dictionary and statistical sentence alignment. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 268-274. [PDF, 559KB]

(1998) Ph.Langlais, M.Simard, J.Véronis, S.Armstrong, P.Bonhomme, F.Debili, P.Isabelle, E.Souissi, & P.Théron: ARCADE: a cooperative research project on parallel text alignment evaluation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.289-292. [PDF, 60KB]

(1998) Philippe Langlais, Michel Simard, & Jean Véronis: Methods and practical issues in evaluating alignment techniques. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 711-717. [PDF, 673KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Bitext correspondences through rich mark-up. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 812-818. [PDF, 637KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Aligning tagged bitexts. Coling-ACL’98: Sixth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eugene Charniak, 15th-16th August 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp.102-109. [PDF, 608KB]

(1998) Adam Meyers, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A multilingual procedure for dictionary-based sentence alignment. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.187-198. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, Ralph Grishman, Catherine Macleod, Antonio Moreno-Sandoval: Deriving transfer rules from dominance-preserving alignments. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 843-847. [PDF, 418KB]

(1997) M.Victoria Arranz: Lexical bottleneck in machine translation and natural language processing: a case study. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 12pp. [PDF, 116KB]

(1997) Jason S.Chang & Mathis H.Chen: An alignment method for noisy parallel corpora based on image processing techniques. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 297-304. [PDF, 716KB]

(1997) Bróna Collins & Pádraig Cunningham: Adaptation guided retrieval: approaching EBMT with caution. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.119-126. [PDF, 220KB]

(1997) I.Dan Melamed: A portable algorithm for mapping bitext correspondence. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 305-312. [PDF, 714KB]

(1997) Hiromi Nakaiwa: Automatic extraction of rules for anaphora resolution of Japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs.  Operational factors in practical, robust anlphora resolution for unrestricted texts. Proceedings of a workshop [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. by Ruslan Mitkov and Branimir Boguraev, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.22-29. [PDF, 724KB]

(1997) Hiromi Nakaiwa: Automatic identification of zero pronouns and their antecedents within aligned sentence pairs. Fifth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Joe Zhou and Kenneth Church, 18 August 1997, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 20 August 1997, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; pp.127-141. [PDF, 959KB]

(1997) C.Tillmann, S.Vogel, H.Ney, & A.Zubiaga: A DP based search using monotone alignments in statistical translation. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 289-296. [PDF, 585KB]

(1996) Mihoko Kitamura & Yuji Matsumoto: Automatic extraction of word sequence correspondences in parallel corpora. Fourth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eva Ejerhed and Ido Dagan, 4 August 1996, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp.79-87. [PDF, 883KB]

(1996) Elliott Macklovitch & Marie-Louise Hannan: Line 'em up: advances in alignment technology and their impact on translation support tools. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.145-156 [PDF, 179KB]

(1996) I. Dan Melamed: Automatic detection of omissions in translations. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 764-769. [PDF, 566KB]

(1996) I.Dan Melamed: A geometric approach to mapping bitext correspondence.  Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Eric Brill and Kenneth Church, 17-18 May 1996, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. USA; pp.1-12. [PDF, 1025KB]

(1996) Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, & Ralph Grishman: Alignment of shared forests for bilingual corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 460-465. [PDF, 475KB]

(1996) Jung H. Shin, Young S. Han, & Key-Sun Choi: Bilingual knowledge acquisition from Korean-English parallel corpus using alignment method (Korean-English alignment at word and phrase level). Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 230-235. [PDF, 480KB]

(1996) Michel Simard & Pierre Plamondon: Bilingual sentence alignment: balancing robustness and accuracy. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.135-144 [PDF, 230KB]

(1995) Mark W.Davis, Ted E.Dunning, & William C.Ogden: Text alignment in the real world: improving alignments of noisy translations using common lexical features, string matching strategies and n-gram comparisons. Seventh conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, March 27-31, 1995, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; pp. 67-74. [PDF, 728KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: Grammarless extraction of phrasal translation examples from parallel texts. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.355-372. [PDF, 340KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: Trainable coarse bilingual grammars for parallel text bracketing. Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.69-81. [PDF, 740KB]

(1994) Kuang-hua Chen & Hsin-Hsi Chen: A part-of-speech-based alignment algorithm. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 166-171. [PDF, 412KB]

(1994) Pascale Fung & Kathleen McKeown: Aligning noisy parallel corpora across language groups: word pair feature matching by dynamic time warping. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 81-88. [PDF, 217KB]

(1994) Pascale Fung & Kenneth Ward Church: K-vec: a new approach for aligning parallel texts. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1096-1102. [PDF, 515KB]

(1994) Anthony M. McEnery, Michael P. Oakes, & Roger G. Garside: The use of approximate string matching techniques in the alignment of sentences in parallel corpora. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 145KB]

(1994) Elliott Macklovitch: Using bi-textual alignment for translation validation: the TransCheck system. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 157-168. [PDF, 223KB]

(1994) Harris Papageorgiou, Lambros Cranias, & Stelios Piperidis: Automatic alignment in parallel corpora. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.334-336. [PDF, 277KB]

(1994) Takehito Utsuro, Hiroshi Ikeda, Masaya Yamane, Yuji Matsumoto, & Makoto Nagao: Bilingual text matching using bilingual dictionary and statistics. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1076-1082. [PDF, 511KB]

(1994) Dekai Wu: Aligning a parallel English-Chinese corpus statistically with lexical criteria. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.80-87. [PDF, 643KB]

(1993) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora. Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 76-102 [PDF, 1391KB]

(1993) Martin Kay & Martin Röscheisen: Text-translation alignment. Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 122-142 [PDF, 1170KB]

(1993) Arne Larsson & Magnus Merkel: Semiotics at work: technical translation and communication in a multilingual corporate environment. Proceedings of NODALIDA (Nordiska Datalingvistikdagarna), Stockholm University. 11pp. [PDF, 36KB]

(1993) Hinrich Schütze: Translation by confusion. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.88-91.

(1993) Hadar Shemtov: Text alignment in a tool for translating revised documents. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; pp. 449-453. [PDF, 478KB]

(1993) Michel Simard, George F.Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora. IBM Center for Advanced Studies Conference (Toronto, Ontario, Canada): Proceedings of the 1993 conference on collaborative research: distributed computing, vol.2, pp. 1071-1082. [PDF, 861KB]

(1992) Fathi Debili & Elyès Sammouda : Aligning sentences in bilingual texts : French-English and French-Arabic. [English and Arabic abstract]. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; p. 517. [PDF, 53KB]; full French text [PDF, 521KB]

(1992) Michel Simard, George F. Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.67-81. [PDF, 270KB]

(1992) A.Winarske, S.Warwick-Armstrong, & J.Hajič: Tagging and alignment of parallel texts: current status of BCP.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.209-215. [PDF, 190KB]

(1991) Peter F. Brown, Jennifer C.Lai, & Robert L. Mercer: Aligning sentences in parallel corpora. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.169-176. [PDF, 669KB]

(1991) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.177-184. [PDF, 612KB]

Analogies and analogical modelling (see also Example-based MT)

(1999) Gang Zhao & Junichi Tsujii: Transfer in experience-guided machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 501-508. [PDF, 369KB]

(1998) H.Altay Güvenir & Ilyas Cicekli: Learning translation templates from examples. Information Systems, vol. 23, no.6; pp.353-363. [PDF, 51KB]

(1997) Keiko Horiguchi: Towards translating spoken language pragmatics in an analogical framework. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 16-23. [PDF, 828KB]

(1997) Keiko Horiguchi & Alexander Franz: A formal basis for spoken language translation by analogy.   Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 32-39. [PDF, 685KB]

Case-based methods

(1998) Michael Carl: A constructivist approach to machine translation. New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (NeMLaP3/CoNLL98). Editor: David M.W.Powers, Macquarie University, Januray 11-17, 1998; pp. 247-256. [PDF, 985KB]

(1997) Bróna Collins & Pádraig Cunningham: Adaptation guided retrieval: approaching EBMT with caution. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.119-126. [PDF, 220KB]

(1997) Harold Somers, Bill Black, Joakim Nivre, Torbjörn Lager, Annarosa Multari, Luca Gilardoni, Jeremy Ellman, & Alex Rogers: Multilingual generation and summarization of job adverts: the TREE project.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.33-40. [PDF, 845KB]

(1996) Bróna Collins, Pádraig Cunningham, & Tony Veale: An example-based approach to machine translation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.1-13 [PDF, 259KB]

(1992) Hiroshi Nomiyama: Machine translation by case generalization. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 714-720. [PDF, 381KB]

(1992) Hideo Watanabe: A similarity-driven transfer system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 770-776. [PDF, 406KB]

Character alignment

(1993) Kenneth Ward Church: Char_align: a program for aligning parallel texts at the character level. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 1-8. [PDF, 625KB]

Context-based and context-aware methods

(1998) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf: Restricting bi-directional translation correspondences to the appropriate context. Eighth EUROLEX International Congress on Lexicography, University of Liège, 4-8 August 1998; pp. 87-97. [PDF, 2448KB]

Disambiguation (see also Word sense disambiguation)

(1999) Christian Boitet: A research perspective on how to democratize machine translation and translation aids aiming at high quality final output.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp.125-133. [PDF, 200KB]

(1999) Hsin-Hsi Chen, Guo-Wei Bian, & Wen-Cheng Lin: Resolving translation ambiguity and target polysemy in cross-language information retrieval. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.215-222. [PDF, 1025KB]

 (1999) John Hutchins: Milestones in machine translation. No 6: Bar-Hillel and the nonfeasibility of FAHQT. International Journal for Language and Documentation 1, September 1999; pp.20-21. [PDF, 652KB]

(1999) Feng-Long Hwang & Ming-Shing Yu: Resolving category ambiguity of non-text symbols in Mandarin text. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 633-640. [PDF, 342KB]

(1999) Hitoshi Isahara & Kyoko Kanzaki: Lexical semantics to disambiguate polysemous phenomena of Japanese adnominal constituents. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.489-496. [PDF, 666KB]

(1999) Myung-Gil Jang, Sung Hyon Myaeng, & Se Young Park: Using mutual information to resolve query translation ambiguities and query term weighting. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.223-229. [PDF, 547KB]

(1999) Martin Kay: Chart translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 9-14. [PDF, 189KB]

(1999) Teruko Mitamura, Eric Nyberg, Enrique Torrejon & Robert Igo: Multiple strategies for automatic disambiguation in technical translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 218-227 [PDF, 222KB]

(1998) Katerina Antonopoulou: Resolving ambiguities in SYSTRAN. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1998; pp.281-288. [PDF, 36KB]

 (1998) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf: Restricting bi-directional translation correspondences to the appropriate context. Eighth EUROLEX International Congress on Lexicography, University of Liège, 4-8 August 1998; pp. 87-97. [PDF, 2448KB]

(1998) Bonnie J.Dorr & Douglas W.Oard: Evaluating resources for query translation in cross-language information retrieval. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.759-764. [PDF, 288KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Stephanie Seneff, & Dinesh Tummala: Ambiguity resolution for machine translation of telegraphic messages. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 120-127. [PDF, 641KB]

(1997) Kazunori Muraki, Shin’ichiro Kamei, & Shinichi Doi: A left-to-right breadth-first algorithm for subcategorization frame selection of Japanese verbs. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.168-175. [PDF, 160KB]

(1997) Antonio Sanfilippo & Ralf Steinberger: Automatic selection and ranking of translation candidates. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.200-207. [PDF, 170KB]

(1997) Maite Taboada: Improving translation through contextual information. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 510-512. [PDF, 261KB]

(1996) Christian Boitet & Mutsuko Tomokiyo: Theory and practice of ambiguity labelling with a view to interactive disambiguation in text and speech MT. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 119-124. [PDF, 637KB]

 (1996) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf & Christel Tschernitschek: What you always wanted to know about semantic transfer. Verbmobil report 114, September 1996; 57pp. [PDF, 409KB]

(1996) Jason J.S.Chang, Jen-Nan Chen, Huei-Hong Sheng, & Sur-Jin Ker: Combining machine readable lexical resources and bilingual corpora for broad word sense disambiguation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.115-124 [PDF, 299KB]

(1996) Tetsuya Nasukawa: Full-text processing: improving a practical NLP system based on surface information within the context. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 824-829. [PDF, 648KB]

(1996) Kemal Oflazer & Gökhan Tür: Combining hand-crafted rules and unsupervised learning in constraint-based morphological disambiguation. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Eric Brill and Kenneth Church, 17-18 May 1996, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. USA; pp.69-81. [PDF, 1120KB]

(1996) Yan Qu, Carolyn P. Rosé, & Barbara Di  Eugenio: Using discourse predictions for ambiguity resolution. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 358-363. [PDF, 584KB]

(1995) Lori Levin, Oren Glickman, Yan Qu, Carolyn P. Rose, Donna Gates, Alon Lavie, Alex Waibel, & Carol Van Ess-Dykema: Using context in machine translation of spoken language. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.173-187. [PDF, 304KB]

(1995) Naohiko Uramoto: Automatic learning of knowledge for example-based disambiguation of attachment. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.295-302. [PDF, 198KB]

(1994) Kathryn L. Baker, Alexander M. Franz, Pamela W. Jordan, Teruko Mitamura, & Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd:  Coping with ambiguity in a large-scale machine translation system. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 90-94. [PDF, 436KB]

(1994) Hervé Blanchon: Perspectives of DBMT for monolingual authors on the basis of LIDIA-1, an implemented mock-up.  Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 115-119. [PDF, 529KB]

(1994) Tim Cornish, Kimikazu Fujita, & Ryochi Sugimura: Towards machine translation using contextual information. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 51-56. [PDF, 468KB]

(1994) David Yarowsky: Decision lists for lexical ambiguity resolution: application to accent restoration in Spanish and French. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.88-95. [PDF, 940KB]

(1993) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Evaluation of DMAX criteria for selecting equivalent translation based on dual corpora statistics. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 302-311. [PDF, 481KB]

(1993) Robert Frederking, Ariel Cohen, Dean Grannes, Peter Cousseau, & Sergei Nirenburg: The PANGLOSS Mark I MAT system. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; p. 468. [PDF, 107KB]

(1993) Megumi Kameyama, Stanley Peters, & Hinrich Schütze: Combining logic-based and corpus-based methods for resolving translation mismatches. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.92-98.

(1993) Satoshi Kinoshita, Miwako Shimazu, & Hideki Hirakawa: Better translation with knowledge extracted from source text. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 240-251. [PDF, 170KB]

(1993) Hagyu Lee & Yung Taek Kim: An idiom-based approach to machine translation. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 168-182. [PDF, 466KB]

(1993) Tetsuya Nasukawa: Discourse constraint in computer manuals. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 183-194. [PDF, 271KB]

(1993) Kwangseob Shim & Yung Taek Kim: Towards a machine translation system with self-critiquing capability. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 276-291. [PDF, 560KB]

(1993) Eiichiro Sumita, Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: An example-based disambiguation of prepositional phrase attachment. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 80-91. [PDF, 205KB]

(1993) Kiyoshi Yamabana, Shin'ichiro Kamei & Kazunori Muraki: On representation of preference scores. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 92-101. [PDF, 235KB]

(1992) Hervé Blanchon: A solution for the problem of interactive disambiguation. [English abstract]. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; p. 1233. [PDF, 84KB]; full French text [PDF, 331KB]

(1992) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Translation ambiguity resolution based on text corpora of source and target languages. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 525-531. [PDF, 428KB]

(1992) Kazuhiro Kimura, Takashi Suzuoka, & Sin-ya Amano: Association-based natural language processing with neural networks. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.224-231. [PDF, 440KB]

(1991) John Laffling: Towards high-precision machine translation, based on contrastive textology. Berlin, New York: Foris Publications, 1991. xiii, 178pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 7). Contents.

(1991) Jun-chi Tsujii & Kimikazu Fujita: Lexical transfer based on bilingual signs: towards interaction during transfer. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 275-280. [PDF, 586KB]

(1990) Christian Boitet: Towards personal MT: general design, dialogue structure, potential role of speech. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 30-35. [PDF, 701KB]

(1990) Ralf D.Brown & Sergei Nirenburg: Human-computer interaction for semantic disambiguation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 42-47. [PDF, 800KB]

(1990) Pius ten Hacken: Reading distinction in MT. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 162-166. [PDF, 400KB]

(1990) Dan Walter Higinbotham: Semantic cooccurrence networks and the automatic resolution of lexical ambiguity in machine translation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, December 1990. vii,270pp. [PDF, 308KB]

(1990) Xiuming Huang: A machine translation system for the target language inexpert. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 364-367. [PDF, 359KB]

(1990) Montserrat Meya: Semantic disambiguation for PP-attachment. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.271-277. [PDF, 119KB]

Generation

(1999) Barbara Gawronska, Jaana Anttila & Dan-Ivar Jacobsson: Mental spaces, space builders and bilingual summarization of news reports. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 1-10 [PDF, 210KB]

(1999) Satoru Ikehara, Shinnji Nakai, & Jin’ichi Murakami: Automatic generation of semantic dependency rules for Japanese noun phrases with particles “no”.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 55-65 [PDF, 270KB]

(1999) Su Jian, Guo Jin, & Tong Loong Cheong: Target word selection with co-occurrence and translation information. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 412-416. [PDF, 389KB]

(1999) Gilles Sérasset & Christian Boitet: UNL-French deconversion as transfer & generation from an interlingua with possible quality enhancement through offline human interaction. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 220-228. [PDF, 259KB]

(1999) Vilas Wuwongse: Applications using multilinguality: IR, summarization and generalization.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp.155-156. [PDF, 112KB]

(1998) Jan Alexandersson & Peter Poller: Towards multilingual protocol generation for spontaneous speech dialogues. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 198-207. [PDF, 822KB]

(1998) Stephen Beale, Sergei Nirenburg, Evelyne Viegas, & Leo Wanner: De-constraining text generation. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 48-57. [PDF, 788KB]

(1998) Tilman Becker, Wolfgang Finkler, Anne Kilger, & Peter Poller: An efficient kernel for multilingual generation in speech-to-speech dialogue translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 110-116. [PDF, 664KB]

(1998) José Coch: Interactive generation and knowledge administration in Multimeteo. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 198-207. [PDF, 346KB]

 (1998) Sharon Denness: The doctor is in: language engineering gets a powerful new advocate: [interview with Tony Hartley]. Language International 10 (2), 1998; pp.40-41. [PDF, 117KB]

(1998) Bonnie Dorr, Nizar Habash, & David Traum: A thematic hierarchy for efficient generation from lexical-conceptual structure. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.333-343. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Claudia Gdaniec: Lexical choice and syntactic generation in a transfer system: transformations in the new LMT English-German system. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.408-420. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Irene Langkilde & Kevin Knight: Generation that exploits corpus-based statistical knowledge. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 704-710. [PDF, 673KB]

(1998) Irene Langkilde & Kevin Knight: The practical value of n-grams in generation. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 248-255. [PDF, 492KB]

(1998) Richard Power & Donia Scott: Multilingual authoring using feedback texts.  Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1053-1059. [PDF, 600KB]

(1998) Murat Temizsoy & Ilyas Cicekli: A language-independent system for generating feature structures from interlingua representations. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 188-197. [PDF, 690KB]

(1998) Stephen Wan & Cornelia Maria Verspoor: Automatic English-Chinese name transliteration for development of multilingual resources. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1352-1356. [PDF, 487KB]

(1998) Tianfang Yao, Dongmo Zhang, & Qian Wang: Multilingual weather forecast generation system. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 296-299. [PDF, 348KB]

(1997) Stephen Della Pietra, Mark Epstein, Salim Roukos, & Todd Ward: Fertility models for statistical natural language understanding. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 168-173. [PDF, 443KB]

(1997) Eduard Hovy & Laurie Gerber: MT at the paragraph level: improving English synthesis in SYSTRAN. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.47-54. [PDF, 211KB]

(1997) Ian Johnson: Personal translation applications. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 14pp. [PDF, 186KB]

(1997) Shiho Ogino & Tetsuya Nasukawa: Generating natural sentences by using shallow discourse information. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.39-46. [PDF, 173KB]

(1997) Harold Somers, Bill Black, Joakim Nivre, Torbjörn Lager, Annarosa Multari, Luca Gilardoni, Jeremy Ellman, & Alex Rogers: Multilingual generation and summarization of job adverts: the TREE project.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.33-40. [PDF, 845KB]

(1997) Arturo Trujillo: Determining internal and external indices for chart generation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.143-150. [PDF, 370KB]

(1996) Stephen Beale & Sergei Nirenburg: PICARD: the next generator. Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 21-24. [PDF, 363KB]

(1996) Farid Cerbah: A study of some lexical differences between French and English instructions in a multilingual generation framework. Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 131-140. [PDF, 834KB]

(1996) Judy Delin, Donia R. Scott, & Anthony Hartley: Language-specific mappings from semantics to syntax. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 292-297. [PDF, 618KB]

(1996) G.Deville, E.Herbigniaux, P.Mousel, G.Thienpont & M.Wéry: System demonstration: ANTHEM:advanced natural language interface for multilingual text generation in healthcare (LRE 62-007). Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.240-243 [PDF, 86KB]

(1996) Anthony Hartley & Cécile Paris: Two sources of control over the generation of software instructions. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 192-199. [PDF, 695KB]

(1996) Isahara Hitoshi, Inui Hiroko, & Uchida Yuriko: Lexical knowledge from large corpora and its application to text generation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.66-75 [PDF, 362KB]

(1996) Martin Kay: Chart generation. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 200-204. [PDF, 414KB]

(1996) Elena Not: A computational model for generating referring expressions in a multilingual application domain. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 848-853. [PDF, 549KB]

(1996) Richard Power & Nico Cavallotto: Multilingual generation of administrative forms.  Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 21-24. [PDF, 233KB]

(1996) Svetlana Sheremetyeva, Sergei Nirenburg, & Irene Nirenburg: Generating patent claims from interactive input.  Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 61-70. [PDF, 721KB]

(1995) Ralf Brown & Robert Frederking: Applying statistical English language modelling to symbolic machine translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.221-239. [PDF, 222KB]

(1995) Guy Deville & Emmanuel Herbignaux: Natural language modeling in a machine translation prototype for healthcare applications: a sublanguage approach. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.142-157. [PDF, 241KB]

 (1995) Dong Un An, Gil Chang Kim, & Jong Hyeok Lee: Corpus-based modality generation for Korean predicates. Literary and Linguistic Computing 10 (1); pp.1-10. [PDF, 285KB]

(1995) Victor Poznański, John L.Beaven, & Pete Whitelock: An efficient generation algorithm for lexicalist MT. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.261-267. [PDF, 597KB]

(1994) Susumu Akamine, Osamu Furuse, & Hitoshi Iida: Integration of example-based transfer and rule-based generation.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.196-197. [PDF, 209KB]

(1994) Liesbeth Degand: Towards an account of causation in a multilingual text generation system. Seventh international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, June 21-24, 1994, Nonantun Inn, Kennebunkport, Maine; pp. 108-116. [PDF, 892KB]

(1994) Judy Delin, Anthony Hartley, Cécile Paris, Donia Scott, & Keith Vander Linden: Expressing procedural relationships in multilingual instructions. Seventh international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, June 21-24, 1994, Nonantun Inn, Kennebunkport, Maine; pp. 61-70. [PDF, 904KB]

(1994) Eiji Komatsu, Jin Cui, & Hiroshi Yasuhara: English generation from interlingua by example-based method. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 363-368. [PDF, 477KB]

(1994) Chadia Moghrabi: On parametering the choice of words in text generation and its usefulness in machine translation. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 113KB]

(1994) Kentaro Ogura, Francis Bond, & Satoru Ikehara: English adverb generation in Japanese to English machine translation.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.190-191. [PDF, 169KB]

(1994) Cécile Paris & Donia Scott: Stylistic variation in multilingual instructions. Seventh international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, June 21-24, 1994, Nonantun Inn, Kennebunkport, Maine; pp. 45-52. [PDF, 798KB]

(1994) Dietmar Rösner & Manfred Stede: TECHDOC: multilingual generation of online and offline instructional text.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.209-210. [PDF, 207KB]

(1993) Patrick Saint-Dizier: A producer-consumer schema for machine translation within the PROLEXICA project. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.108-119.

(1994) Ralf Steinberger: Treating ‘free word order’ in machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 69-75. [PDF, 526KB]

(1994) Stefan Svenberg: Representing conceptual and linguistic knowledge for multi-lingual generation in a technical domain. Seventh international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, June 21-24, 1994, Nonantun Inn, Kennebunkport, Maine; pp. 245-248. [PDF, 355KB]

(1994) Koichi Takeda: Tricolor DAGs for machine translation. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.226-233. [PDF, 704KB]

(1993) James Barnett & Elaine Rich: Lexical issues in dealing with semantic mismatches and divergences. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.34-42.

(1993) Jing-Shin Chang & Keh-Yih Su: A corpus-based statistics-oriented transfer and generation model for machine translation. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 3-14. [PDF, 260KB]

(1993) Judy Delin, Donia Scott, & Tony Hartley: Knowledge, intention, rhetoric: levels of variation in multilingual instructions. [ACL 1993] Intentionality and Structure in Discourse Relations: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Owen Rambow, 21 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; pp.7-10. [PDF, 245KB]

(1993) Eduard Hovy: The Penman project on knowledge-based machine translation.  Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); p.421. [PDF, 97KB]

(1993) Dietmar Rösner: Intentions, rhetoric, or discourse relations? – a case from multilingual document generation. [ACL 1993] Intentionality and Structure in Discourse Relations: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Owen Rambow, 21 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; pp.106-109. [PDF, 201KB]

(1993) Donia R.Scott: Multilingual drafting of instructional texts.  Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15. Papers presented at a conference… 18-19 November 1993, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1993); pp.193-196. [PDF, 117KB]

(1992) Chris Brew: Letting the cat out of the bag: generation for shake-and-bake MT. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 610-616. [PDF, 386KB]

(1992) Eduard Hovy: In-depth knowledge-based machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); p. 491. [PDF, 1230KB]

(1992) L.Iordanskaja, M.Kim, R.Kittredge, B.Lavoie, & A.Polguère: Generation of extended bilingual statistical reports. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1019-1023. [PDF, 315KB]

(1992) Shin-ichiro Kamei & Takahiro Wakao: Metonomy: reassessment, survey of acceptability, and its treatment in a machine translation system. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.309-311. [PDF, 254KB]

(1992) Harold Somers: Interactive multilingual text generation for a monolingual user Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.151-161. [PDF, 148KB]

(1991) Stephan Busemann: Structure-driven generation from separate semantic representations. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 113-118. [PDF, 580KB]

(1991) Richard Kittredge: [contribution to panel] Applications of MT technology.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 148-149

(1991) Akitoshi Okumura, Kazunori Muraki, & Susumu Akamine: Multi-lingual sentence generation from the PIVOT interlingua.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 67-71 [PDF, 494KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 119-125]

(1991) Henry S.Thompson: Generation and translation – towards a formalism-independent characterisation. [ACL 1991] Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Tomek Strzalkowski, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.53-60. [PDF, 596KB]

(1990) John A. Bateman: Finding translation equivalents: an application of grammatical metaphor. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 13-18. [PDF, 703KB]

(1990) L. Bourbeau, D.Carcagno, E.Goldberg, R.Kittredge, & A.Polguère: Bilingual generation of weather forecasts in an operations environment.  Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 318-320. [PDF, 296KB]

(1990) Ian Crookston: Generation for MT in English in Eurotra. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 10pp. [PDF, 86KB]

(1990) Christine Defrise & Sergei Nirenburg: Meaning representation and text planning. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 219-224. [PDF, 725KB]

(1990) Christine Defrise & Sergei Nirenburg: Speaker attitudes in text planning. Fifth international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, 3-6 June 1990, Linden Hall Conference Center, Dawson, Pennsylvania; pp. 150-155. [PDF, 529KB]

(1990) Marc Dymetman, Pierre Isabelle, & François Perrault: A symmetrical approach to parsing and generation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 90-96. [PDF, 671KB]

(1990) Dominique Estival: Generating French with a reversible unification grammar. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 106-111. [PDF, 617KB]

(1990) David E.Johnson & Hideo Watanabe: Relational-grammar-based generation in the JETS Japanese-English machine translation system. Fifth international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, 3-6 June 1990, Linden Hall Conference Center, Dawson, Pennsylvania; pp. 174-182. [PDF, 688KB]

(1990) Graham Russell, Susan Warwick, & John Carroll: Asymmetry in parsing and generating with unification grammars: case studies from ELU.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.205-211. [PDF, 383KB]

(1990) Harold L.Somers, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Danny Jones: Machine translation without a source text. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 271-276. [PDF, 611KB]

(1990) Tomek Strzalkowski & Ping Peng: Automated inversion of logic grammars for generation.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp. 212-219. [PDF, 415KB]

(1990) Yoshihiro Ueda & Kiyoshi Kogure: Generation for dialogue translation using typed feature structure unification. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.1, pp. 64-66. [PDF, 270KB]

(1990) Zaharin Yusoff: Generation of synthesis programs in ROBRA (ARIANE) from string-tree correspondence grammars (or a strategy for synthesis in machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 425-430. [PDF, 536KB]

(1990) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: The semantic representation of spatial configurations: the conceptual motivation for generation in machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 299-303. [PDF, 369KB]

Lexical transfer

(1999) Hsin-Hsi Chen, Guo-Wei Bian, & Wen-Cheng Lin: Resolving translation ambiguity and target polysemy in cross-language information retrieval. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.215-222. [PDF, 1025KB]

(1999) Gregory Grefenstette: The World Wide Web as a resource for example-based machine translation tasks. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

(1999) Su Jian, Guo Jin, & Tong Loong Cheong: Target word selection with co-occurrence and translation information. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 412-416. [PDF, 389KB]

(1999) Martin Kay: Chart translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 9-14. [PDF, 189KB]

(1999) Hyun Ah Lee, Jong C. Park & Gil Chang Kim: Lexical selection with a target language monolingual corpus and an MRD.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 150-160 [PDF, 283KB]

(1999) Hui-Feng Li, Namwon Heo, Kyoungbi Moon, & Jong-Hyeok Lee: The use of abstracted knowledge from an automatically sense-tagged corpus for lexical transfer ambiguity resolution.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 390-396. [PDF, 254KB]

(1999) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Kayo Seki: Automatic addition of verbal semantic attributes to a Japanese-to-English valency transfer dictionary.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 185-195 [PDF, 231KB]

(1999) Gilles Sérasset & Christian Boitet: UNL-French deconversion as transfer & generation from an interlingua with possible quality enhancement through offline human interaction. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 220-228. [PDF, 259KB]

(1999) Davide Turcato, Paul McFetridge, Fred Popowich & Janine Toole: A bootstrap approach to automatically generating lexical transfer rules.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 404-411. [PDF, 279KB]

(1999) Jin Yang: Towards the automatic acquisition of lexical selection rules.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 397-403. [PDF, 245KB]

(1998) Hiyan Alshawi, Srinivas Bangalore, & Shona Douglas: Automatic acquisition of hierarchical transduction models for machine translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 41-47. [PDF, 542KB]

(1998) Johan Bos, C.J.Rupp, Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf, & Michael Dorna: Managing information at linguistic interfaces. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 160-166. [PDF, 635KB]

 (1998) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf: Restricting bi-directional translation correspondences to the appropriate context. Eighth EUROLEX International Congress on Lexicography, University of Liège, 4-8 August 1998; pp. 87-97. [PDF, 2448KB]

(1998) Bonnie Dorr & Maria Katsova: Lexical selection for cross-language applications: combining LCS with WordNet. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.438-447. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Martin C. Emele & Michael Dorna: Ambiguity preserving machine translation using packed representations. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 365-371. [PDF, 639KB]

(1998) Claudia Gdaniec: Lexical choice and syntactic generation in a transfer system: transformations in the new LMT English-German system. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.408-420. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Archibald Michiels & Nicolas Dufour: DEFI, a tool for automatic multi-word unit recognition, meaning assignment and translation selection. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1179-1186. [PDF, 72KB]

(1998) Davide Turcato, Fred Popowich, Paul McFetridge & Olivier Laurens: Reuse of linguistic resources in MT. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1227-1233. [PDF, 102KB]

 (1997) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf & Michael Dorna: Using hybrid methods and resources in semantic-based transfer. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: selected papers from RANLP ’97, ed. Nicolas Nikolov, John Benjamins Publ.Co.: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2000; pp.285-302. [PDF, 446KB]

(1997) Hoa Trang Dang, Joseph Rosenzweig, & Martha Palmer: Associating semantic components with intersective Levin classes. Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 11-18. [PDF, 182KB]

(1997) Hiroshi Echizen-ya, Kenji Araki, Yoshikazu Miyanaga & Koji Tochinai: An improvement in the selection process of machine translation using inductive learning with genetic algorithms.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Description of system demonstrations and videos , 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.11-12. [PDF, 163KB]

(1997) Alexis Nasr, Owen Rambow, Martha Palmer, & Joseph Rosenzweig: Enriching lexical transfer with cross-linguistic semantic features or how to do interlingua without interlingua. Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 91-98. [PDF,  202KB]

(1997) Antonio Sanfilippo & Ralf Steinberger: Automatic selection and ranking of translation candidates. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.200-207. [PDF, 170KB]

(1997) Evelyne Viegas: Mismatches and divergences: the continuum perspective. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.216-224. [PDF, 179KB]

 (1996) Bernd Abb, Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf, & Christel Tschernitschek: Semantic transfer in speech-to-speech MT.  Beitrag für einen Vortrag. (Heidedlberg: IBM Deutschland Informationssysteme GmbH, June 18, 1996); 11pp. [PDF, 212KB]

 (1996) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf & Christel Tschernitschek: What you always wanted to know about semantic transfer. Verbmobil report 114, September 1996; 57pp. [PDF, 409KB]

(1996) Kumiko Tanaka & Hideya Iwasaki: Extraction of lexical translations from non-aligned corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 580-585. [PDF, 563KB]

 (1995) Pascale Fung & Dekai Wu: Coerced Markov models for cross-lingual lexical-tag relations. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.240-255. [PDF, 306KB]

 (1995) Oliver Streiter & Antje Schmidt-Wigger: Patterns of derivation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.256-272.[PDF, 330KB]

(1995) Arturo Trujillo: Bi-lexical rules for multi-lexeme translation in lexicalist MT. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.48-66. [PDF, 265KB]

(1994) Hiyan Alshawi: Qualitative and quantitative models of speech translation. The balancing act: combining symbolic and statistical approaches to language. Proceedings of the workshop, 1 July 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico. (ACL, 1994); pp.1-10. [PDF, 1538KB]

(1994) Louis des Tombe: Compensation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.157-173.

(1994) Bonnie J. Dorr: Machine translation divergences: a formal description and proposed solution. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 597-633 [PDF, 2352KB]

(1994) Miguel Filgueiras: A successful case of computer aided translation.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.91-94. [PDF, 296KB]

(1994) Barbara Gawrońska, Christer Johansson, Anders Nordner, & Caroline Willners: Interpreting compounds for machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 45-50. [PDF, 498KB]

(1994) Dirk Heylen, Kerry G. Maxwell, & Marc Verhagen: Lexical functions and machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1240-1244. [PDF, 447KB]

(1994) Daniel Radzinski: [review of] Machine translation: a view from the lexicon [by] Bonnie Jean Dorr (MIT Press, 1992). Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 670-676 [PDF, 507KB]

(1994) Atle Ro: Interlanguage signs and lexical transfer errors. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 134-137. [PDF, 294KB]

(1994) Koichi Takeda: Tricolor DAGs for machine translation. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.226-233. [PDF, 704KB]

(1993) James Barnett & Elaine Rich: Lexical issues in dealing with semantic mismatches and divergences. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.34-42.

 (1993) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf: How to overcome translation mismatches an inference driven mapping between mean­ing representations. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.24-33. [PDF, 863KB]

(1993) Ann Copestake & Antonio Sanfilippo: Multilingual lexical representation. In:  Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.12-21.

(1993) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Evaluation of DMAX criteria for selecting equivalent translation based on dual corpora statistics. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 302-311. [PDF, 481KB]

(1993) Megumi Kameyama, Stanley Peters, & Hinrich Schütze: Combining logic-based and corpus-based methods for resolving translation mismatches. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.92-98.

(1993) Beth Levin: Tracking verbs across languages. In:  Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.22-23.

(1993) Lori Levin & Sergei Nirenburg: Principles and idiosyncracies in MT lexicons. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.128-137.

(1993) Nicholas Ostler: Perception vocabulary in five languages – towards an analysis using frame elements. In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.219-230. [abstract]

(1993) Hinrich Schütze: Translation by confusion. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.88-91.

(1992) Laurence Danlos & Pollet Samvelian: Translation in the predicative element of a sentence: category switiching, aspect and diathesis Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.21-34. [PDF, 168KB]

(1992) Bonnie J. Dorr: A parameterized approach to integrating aspect with lexical-semantics for machine translation. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.257-264. [PDF, 916KB]

(1992) Karin Haenelt: Towards a quality improvement in machine translation: modelling discourse structure and including discourse development in the determination of translation equivalents. Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.205-212. [PDF, 231KB]

(1992) Hubert Lehmann & Nikolaus Ott: Translation relations and the combination of analytical and statistical methods in machine translation Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.237-248. [PDF, 141KB]

(1992) Masami Suzuki: A method of utilizing domain and language specific constraints in dialogue translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 756-762. [PDF, 467KB]

(1992) Arturo Trujillo: Spatial lexicalization in the translation of prepositional phrases.  30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.306-308. [PDF, 288KB]

(1991) James Barnett, Inderjeet Mani, Paul Martin, & Elaine Rich: Reversible machine translation: what to do when the languages don’t line up. [ACL 1991] Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Tomek Strzalkowski, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.61-70. [PDF, 859KB]

(1991) Ido Dagan, Alon Itai, & Ulrike Schwall: Two languages are more informative than one.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.130-137. [PDF, 731KB]

(1991) Bonnie J.Dorr: A two-level knowledge representation for machine translation: lexical semantics and tense/aspect. [ACL 1991] Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation: proceedings of a workshop, ed. James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.250-263. [PDF, 912KB]

(1991) Nathalie Japkowicz & Janyce M. Wiebe: A system for translating locative prepositions from English to French.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.153-160. [PDF, 648KB]

(1991) Megumi Kameyama, Ryo Ochitani, & Stanley Peters: Resolving translation mismatches with information flow.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.193-200. [PDF, 800KB]

(1991) John Laffling: Towards high-precision machine translation, based on contrastive textology. Berlin, New York: Foris Publications, 1991. xiii, 178pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 7). Contents.

(1991) I. Arturo Trujillo & David A. Plowman: Automation of bilingual lexicon compilation.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 51-54 [PDF, 157KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 191-196]

(1991) Jun-chi Tsujii & Kimikazu Fujita: Lexical transfer based on bilingual signs: towards interaction during transfer. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 275-280. [PDF, 586KB]

(1990) Juan Alberto Alonso: Transfer InterStructure: designing an 'interlingua' for transfer-based MT systems. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.189-201. [PDF, 139KB]

(1990) Louisa Sadler, Ian Crookston, Doug Arnold, & Andy Way: LFG and translation. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.121-130. [PDF, 158KB]

(1990) Diana Santos: Lexical gaps and idioms in machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 330-335. [PDF, 583KB]

(1990) Gr. Thurmair: Complex lexical transfer in METAL. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.91-107. [PDF, 167KB]

(1990) Eric Wehrli: STS: an experimental sentence translation system. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.1, pp. 76-78. [PDF, 271KB]

(1990) Rémi Zajac: A relational approach to translation. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.235-254. [PDF, 226KB]

Morphological analysis (see also Tagging)

(1999) Michael Carl: Inducing translation templates for example-based machine translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 250-258. [PDF, 245KB]

(1999) Silviu Cucerzan & David Yarowsky: Language independent named entity recognition combining morphological and contextual evidence. Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora, Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.90-99. [PDF, 987KB]

(1999) Kemal Oflazer & Sergei Nirenburg: Practical bootstrapping of morphological analyzers. CoNLL-1999: Proceedings of Computational Natural Language Learning, Workshop at EACL’99; pp.14-23. [PDF, 941KB]

(1999) Hideki Tanaka & Akio Yokoo: An efficient statistical speech act type tagging system for speech translation systems. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.381-388. [PDF, 746KB]

(1998) Hiroyuki Shinnou: Revision of morphological analysis errors through the person name construction model. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.398-407. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Gábor Prószéky: An intelligent multi-dictionary environment. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1067-1071. [PDF, 669KB]

 (1997) Davide Turcato, Olivier Laurens, Paul McFetridge & Fred Popowich: Inflectional information in transfer for lexicalist machine translation. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: selected papers from RANLP ’97, ed. Nicolas Nikolov, John Benjamins Publ.Co.: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2000; pp.303-314. [PDF, 287KB]

(1996) Kemal Oflazer & Gökhan Tür: Combining hand-crafted rules and unsupervised learning in constraint-based morphological disambiguation. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Eric Brill and Kenneth Church, 17-18 May 1996, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. USA; pp.69-81. [PDF, 1120KB]

 (1996) Gary Stringer: New Testament Greek: towards a two-level description. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 4: October 1996; pp.17-21. [PDF]

(1996) Yoshikazu Takemoto, Takahiro Wakao, Hiroshi Yamada, Robert Gaizauskas, & Yorick Wilks: Description of NEC/Sheffield system used for MET Japanese.  Tipster Text Program Phase II. Proceedings of a workshop held at Vienna, Virginia, May 6-8, 1996, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; pp. 475-476. [PDF, 612KB]

(1995) Oliver Streiter & Antje Schmidt-Wigger: Patterns of derivation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.256-272.[PDF, 330KB]

(1995) Davide Turcato:  Shake-and-bake MT and morphology. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.319-325. [PDF, 265KB]

(1994) Gábor Prószéky: Industrial applications of unification morphology.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.213-214. [PDF, 169KB]

(1994) The Finnish formula. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.21, May-June 1994; pp.1-6. [PDF, 112KB]

(1994) XLT: ready for liftoff. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.22, July-August 1994; pp.9-10. [PDF, 87KB]

(1993) Hiroshi Maruyama, Shiho Ogino & Masaru Hidano: The mega-word tagged-corpus project. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 15-23. [PDF, 196KB]

(1993) Robert L. Mercer: Inflectional morphology needs to be authenticated by hand. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); p.105.

(1992) E.Agirre, I.Alegria, X.Arregi, X.Artola, A.Diaz de Ilarraza, M.Maritxalar, K.Sarasola, & M.Urkia: XUXEN: a spelling checker/corrector for Basque based on two-level morphology.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.119-125. [PDF, 684KB]

(1992) Hammam R. Yusuf: An analysis of Indonesian language for interlingual machine-translation system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1228-1232. [PDF, 308KB]

(1990) S. Ananiadou & J.McNaught: Treatment of compounds in a transfer-based machine translation system. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.57-63. [PDF, 165KB]

(1990) Alla Bémová & Vladislav Kuboň: Czech-to-Russian transducing dictionary. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 314-316. [PDF, 261KB]

(1990) Vito Pirrelli: Two level morphology in a unification based formalism. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 9pp. [PDF, 147KB]

(1990) Kiril Simov, Galia Angelova, & Elena Paskaleva: MORPHO-ASSIST: the proper treatment of morphological knowledge. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 455-457. [PDF, 289KB]

Post-editing and post-processing

(1998) Dorothy Senez: The machine translation helpdesk and the post-editing service. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1998; pp.289-295. [PDF, 30KB]

(1995) S. Donomae: Pre- and post-editing MT text for better communication and documentation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 9pp. [PDF, 375KB]

(1995) CompuServe likes online MT. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.25, January-February 1995; pp.7-8. [PDF,

(1994) Kevin Knight & Ishwar Chander. Automated postediting of documents. 12th National conference of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 1994) July 31 - August 4, 1994, Seattle,Washington,USA. [PDF, 140KB]

(1994) Kevin Knight & Ishwar Chander: Automated post-editing of English. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17-18 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 23 slides [PDF, 219KB]

(1994) Evgeny Lovtsky: Multilingual MT and the post-editing bottleneck. In: MT News International no.9, September 1994. [PDF]

(1994) Systran flourishes. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.20, March-April 1994; pp.11-12. [PDF, 80KB]

(1993) Peter F. Brown: Applying statistical methods to machine translation. Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); p.397. [PDF, 95KB]

(1993) Robert Frederking, Ariel Cohen, Dean Grannes, Peter Cousseau, & Sergei Nirenburg: The PANGLOSS Mark I MAT system. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; p. 468. [PDF, 107KB]

(1992) Marjorie León, Doris Albisser, Gudrun Magnusdottir, Larry Childs, Margarita Baena: [contributions to panel] Assessing the labor-intensive elements of MT [with discussion]. In: MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop..., 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; pp. 61-71 [PDF, 171KB]

(1992) Keh-Yih Su, Ming-Wen Wu, & Jing-Shin Chang: A new quantitative quality measure for machine translation systems. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 433-439. [PDF, 494KB]

(1992) Translators still in the loop. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.12, November-December 1992; pp.1-4. [PDF, 106KB]

(1991) Kenneth W.Church & Eduard H.Hovy: Good applications for crummy machine translation. In: Jeanette  G.Neal and Sharon M.Walter (eds.): Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, Calspan-UB Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 18 June 1991; pp.147-157. [PDF, 811KB]

 (1991) H. Jäppinen & L. Kulikov: Evaluation of machine translation systems: a system developer’s viewpoint.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 143-156. [PDF, 152KB]

(1991) Elliott Macklovitch: Evaluating commercial MT systems.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 37-49. [PDF, 152KB]

(1991) Brigitte Roudaud: A procedure for the evaluation and improvement of an MT system by the end-user.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 129-142. [PDF, 180KB]

Pre-editing and pre-processing (see also Controlled languages)

(1999) Arendse Bernth: Controlling input and output of MT for greater user acceptance. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 10pp. [PDF, 93KB]

(1999) Takehiko Yoshimi & Ichiko Sata: Improvement of translation quality of English newspaper headlines by automatic preediting. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 496-500. [PDF, 142KB]

(1998) Arendse Bernth: EasyEnglish: preprocessing for MT. In: CLAW 98: proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, 21-22 May 1998, Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; pp.30-41. [PDF, 369KB]

(1998) Laurie Gerber & Eduard Hovy: Improving translation quality by manipulating sentence length. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.448-460. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Satoshi Shirai, Satoru Ikehara, Akio Yokoo, & Yoshifumi Ooyama: Automatic rewriting method for internal expressions in Japanese to English MT and its effects. CLAW 98: proceedings of the second international workshop on Controlled Language Applications, 21-22 May 1998, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; pp.62-75. [PDF, 478KB]

(1995) S. Donomae: Pre- and post-editing MT text for better communication and documentation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 9pp. [PDF, 375KB]

(1995) Małgorzata E.Styś & Stefan S.Zemke: Incorporating discourse aspects in English-Polish MT. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: selected papers from RANLP ’95, ed. Ruslan Mitkov & Nicolas Nikolov, John Benjamins Publ.Co.: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 1997; pp.213-223. [PDF, 241KB]

(1994) Terence Lewis: Aspects of an empirical approach to language processing. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 91KB]

(1994) A pre-editor for Logos?  Language Industry Monitor, issue no.19, January-February 1994; p.10. [PDF, 69KB]

(1993) Roger Bennett: Terminology and the computer – attention shifts to the micro. Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15. Papers presented at a conference… 18-19 November 1993, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1993); pp.59-81. [PDF, 96KB]

(1993) Satoshi Shirai, Satoru Ikehara & Tsukasa Kawaoka: Effects of automatic rewriting of source language within a Japanese to English MT system. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 226-239. [PDF, 664KB]

(1990) Bédard proposes new approach: machine pretranslation. Language International 2 (6), December 1990; pp.4-5. [PDF, 73KB]

Rapid development of MT

(1999) Jan W.Amtrup, Karine Megerdoomian, & Rémi Zajac: Rapid development of translation tools. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 385-389. [PDF, 242KB]

(1999) Rémi Zajac: A multilevel framework for incremental development of MT systems. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 646-653. [PDF, 172KB]

(1998) Jeffrey Allen & Christopher Hogan: Expanding lexical coverage of parallel corpora for the EBMT approach. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.747-754. [PDF, 302KB]

(1998) Douglas Jones & Rick Havrilla: Twisted pair grammar: support for rapid development of machine translation for low density languages. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.318-332. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Sergei Nirenburg: Project Boas: “a linguist in the box” as a multi-purpose language resource. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.739-746. [PDF, 141KB]

(1998) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: Universal grammar and lexis for quick ramp-up of MT systems. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 975-979. [PDF, 459KB]

(1998) Martha Palmer, Owen Rambow, & Alexis Nasr: Rapid prototyping of domain-apecific machine translation systems. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.95-102. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Rémi Zajac: MT Express. Proceedings of the 10th European Summer School on Logic, Linguistics and Information (ESSLLI), Saarbrücken, 24-28 August 1998: Workshop on machine translation. [PDF, 40KB]

(1997) Robert E. Frederking, Ralf D.Brown, & Christopher Hogan: The DIPLOMAT rapid-deployment speech MT system.  MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 261-262 [PDF, 86KB]

(1997) Robert Frederking, Alexander Rudnicky, & Christopher Hogan: Interactive speech translation in the DIPLOMAT project.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.61-66. [PDF, 622KB]

(1996) Robert E. Frederking & Ralf D. Brown: System demonstration: The Pangloss-Lite machine translation system. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.268-272 [PDF, 116KB]

(1996) Sergei Nirenburg, Stephen Beale, Stephen Helmreich, Kavi Mahesh, Evelyne Viegas, & Remi Zajac: Two principles and six techniques for rapid MT development. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.96-105 [PDF, 159KB]

Reusability

(1998) Rocio Guillén: Reusing translated terms to expand a multilingual thesaurus. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.374-383. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Keith J. Miller & David M. Zajic: Lexicons as gold: mining, embellishment and reuse. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.484-493. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Davide Turcato, Fred Popowich, Paul McFetridge & Olivier Laurens: Reuse of linguistic resources in MT. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1227-1233. [PDF, 102KB]

 (1997) J.Gabriel Amores & José F.Quesada: Machine translation with Episteme: linguistic knowledge representation, computational efficiency and formal properties. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: selected papers from RANLP ’97, ed. Nicolas Nikolov, John Benjamins Publ.Co.: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2000; pp.315-326. [PDF, 276KB]

(1997) Chinatsu Aone & John Maloney: Reuse of a proper noun recognition system in commercial and operational NLP applications. From research to commercial applications: making NLP work in practice. Proceedings of a workshop [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. by Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock, 12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.1-5. [PDF, 489KB]

(1997) Michael Gamon, Carmen Lozano, Jessie Pinkham, & Tom Reutter: Practical experience with grammar sharing in multilingual NLP.  From research to commercial applications: making NLP work in practice. Proceedings of a workshop [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. by Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock, 12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.49-56. [PDF, 1046KB]

(1997) Manny Rayner, David Carter, Ivan Bretan, Robert Eklund, Mats Wirén, Steffen Leo Hansen, Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen, Christina Philp, Finn Sørensen, Hanne Erdman Thomsen: Recycling lingware in a multilingual MT system.  From research to commercial applications: making NLP work in practice. Proceedings of a workshop [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. by Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock, 12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.65-70. [PDF, 603KB]

(1996) Bróna Collins, Pádraig Cunningham, & Tony Veale: An example-based approach to machine translation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.1-13 [PDF, 259KB]

(1993) Doug Arnold, Toni Badia, Josef van Genabith, Stella Markantonatou, Stefan Momma, Louisa Sadler, & Paul Schmidt: Experiments in reusability of grammatical resources. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; pp. 12-20. [PDF, 859KB]

(1992) Brigitte Bläser, Ulrike Schwall, & Angelika Storrer: A reusable lexical database tool for machine translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 510-516. [PDF, 496KB]

(1991) Tony Whitecomb: Opening up Eurotra: trap or treasure-house? Language Industry Monitor, issue no.5, September-October 1991; p.5. [PDF, 76KB]

Reversibility

(1996) Hiyan Alshawi: Head automata and bilingual tiling: translation with minimal representations. Invited talk at: 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 167-176. [PDF, 1031KB]

(1996) Evelyne Viegas & Stephen Beale: Multilinguality and reversibility in computational semantic lexicons.  Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 49-52. [PDF, 352KB]

(1992) Louis des Tombe: Is translation symmetric? Meta 37 (4), décembre 1992; pp.791-801. [note]

(1992) Kurt Eberle, Walter Kasper, & Christian Rohrer: Contextual constraints for MT Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.213-224. [PDF, 207KB]

(1992) Koichi Takeda, Naohiko Uramoto, Tetsuya Nasukawa, & Tajiro Tsutsumi: Shalt2 – a symmetric machine translation system with conceptual transfer. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1034-1038. [PDF, 439KB]

(1991) Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter, Manny Rayner, & Björn Gambäck: Translation by quasi logical form transfer. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.161-168. [PDF, 669KB]

(1991) James Barnett, Inderjeet Mani, Paul Martin, & Elaine Rich: Reversible machine translation: what to do when the languages don’t line up. [ACL 1991] Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Tomek Strzalkowski, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.61-70. [PDF, 859KB]

(1991) Tomek Strzalkowski: A general computational method for grammar inversion. [ACL 1991] Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Tomek Strzalkowski, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.91-99. [PDF, 782KB]

(1991) Rémi Zajac: A uniform architecture for parsing, generation and transfer. [ACL 1991] Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Tomek Strzalkowski, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.71-80. [PDF, 702KB]

(1990) Marc Dymetman, Pierre Isabelle, & François Perrault: A symmetrical approach to parsing and generation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 90-96. [PDF, 671KB]

(1990) Dominique Estival: Generating French with a reversible unification grammar. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 106-111. [PDF, 617KB]

(1990) P.Newman: Symmetric slot grammar (SSG): a bi-directional design for MT. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.145-157. [PDF, 233KB]

(1990) Graham Russell, Susan Warwick, & John Carroll: Asymmetry in parsing and generating with unification grammars: case studies from ELU.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.205-211. [PDF, 383KB]

(1990) Tomek Strzalkowski: How to invert a natural language parser into an efficient generator: an algorithm for logic grammars. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 347-352. [PDF, 587KB]

(1990) Tomek Strzalkowski & Ping Peng: Automated inversion of logic grammars for generation.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp. 212-219. [PDF, 415KB]

(1990) Gertjan van Noord: Reversible unification based machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 299-304. [PDF, 571KB]

(1990) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Pim van der Eijk, Maria Florenza,& Louis des Tombe: The MiMo2 research system. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.213-233. [PDF, 245KB]

(1990) Rémi Zajac: A relational approach to translation. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.235-254. [PDF, 226KB]

Segmentation (see also Morphological analysis, Tagging)

(1999) Douglas W.Oard & Jianqiang Wang: NTCIR CLIR experiments at the University of Maryland. Proceedings of the First NTCIR Workshop on Research in Japanese Text retrieval and Term Recognition, August 30 – September 1, Tokyo, Japan; 5pp. [PDF, 172KB]

(1998) Osamu Furuse, Setsuo Yamada, Kazuhide Yamamoto: Splitting long or ill-formed input for robust spoken-language translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 421-427. [PDF, 625KB]

(1997) Mark Seligman: Six issues in speech translation. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 83-91. [PDF, 614KB]

(1996) Alon Lavie, Donna Gates, Noah Coccaro, & Lori Levin: Input segmentation of spontaneous speech in JANUS: a speech-to-speech translation system. ECAI-1996 Workshop on Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems, Budapest, Hungary, August 1996; 6pp. [PDF, 113KB]

(1992) Peter F. Brown, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, Robert L. Mercer, & Surya Mohanty: Dividing and conquering long sentences in a translation system. Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); pp. 267-271. [PDF, 802KB]

Semantic analysis and representation (see also Disambiguation)

(1999) Timothy Baldwin, Francis Bond & Ben Hutchinson: A valency dictionary architecture for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 207-217 [PDF, 261KB]

(1999) Nicoletta Calzolari & Antonio Zampolli: Harmonised large-scale syntactic/semantic lexicons: a European multilingual infrastructure.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 358-365. [PDF, 164KB]

(1999) Satoru Ikehara, Shinnji Nakai, & Jin’ichi Murakami: Automatic generation of semantic dependency rules for Japanese noun phrases with particles “no”.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 55-65 [PDF, 270KB]

(1999) Hitoshi Isahara & Kyoko Kanzaki: Lexical semantics to disambiguate polysemous phenomena of Japanese adnominal constituents. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.489-496. [PDF, 666KB]

(1999) Hui-Feng Li, Namwon Heo, Kyoungbi Moon, & Jong-Hyeok Lee: The use of abstracted knowledge from an automatically sense-tagged corpus for lexical transfer ambiguity resolution.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 390-396. [PDF, 254KB]

(1999) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Kayo Seki: Automatic addition of verbal semantic attributes to a Japanese-to-English valency transfer dictionary.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 185-195 [PDF, 231KB]

(1999) Kentaro Ogura, Francis Bond, & Yoshifumi Ooyama: ALT-J/M: a prototype Japanese-to-Malay translation system.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 444-448. [PDF, 199KB]

(1999) Brigitte Orliac & Kutz Arrieta: TermBuilder: a lexical knowledge acquisition tool for the Logos machine translation system . Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 593-597. [PDF, 137KB]

(1999) Evelyne Viegas: Developing knowledge bases for MT with linguistically motivated quality-based learning.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 366-374. [PDF, 220KB]

(1999) Evelyne Viegas: An overt semantics with a machine-guided approach for robust LKBs. SIGLEX99: Standardizing Lexical Resources. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the [ACL] Special Interest Group on the Lexicon, June 21, 22, 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.62-68. [PDF, 661KB]

(1999) Evelyne Viegas, Wanyng Jin, & Stephen Beale: Long time no see: overt semantics for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 11-21 [PDF, 203KB]

(1999) Evelyne Viegas, Wanying Jin, & Stephen Beale: Using computational semantics for Chinese translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 522- 530. [PDF, 396KB]

(1999) Xiaojie Wang & Yixin Zhong: A new way to conceptual meaning representation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 518-521. [PDF, 134KB]

(1999) Dekai Wu, Jun Zhao, & Zhifang Sui: An information-theoretic empirical analysis of dependency-based feature types for word prediction models. Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.29-37. [PDF, 655KB]

(1998) Francis Bond, Daniela Kurz, & Satoshi Shirai: Anchoring floating quantifiers in Japanese-to-English machine translation.  Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 152-159. [PDF, 675KB]

(1998) Michael Carl: Meaning preservation in machine translation Proceedings of the 10th European Summer School on Logic, Linguistics and Information (ESSLLI), Saarbrücken, 24-28 August 1998: Workshop on machine translation. [PDF, 152KB]

(1998) Jason S. Chang, Sue J. Ker, & Mathis H. Chen: Taxonomy and lexical semantics—from the perspective of machine readable dictionary. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.199-212. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Michael Dorna, Anette Frank, Josef van Genabith, & Martin C. Emele: Syntactic and semantic transfer with F-structures. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 341-347. [PDF, 579KB]

(1998) Bonnie J.Dorr, Antonia Martí, & Irene Castellón: Evaluation of EuroWordNet and LCS-based lexical resources for machine translation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.393-397. [PDF, 59KB]

(1998) Bonnie Dorr & Maria Katsova: Lexical selection for cross-language applications: combining LCS with WordNet. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.438-447. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Bonnie J.Dorr & Douglas W.Oard: Evaluating resources for query translation in cross-language information retrieval. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.759-764. [PDF, 288KB]

(1998) Ulrich Germann: Making semantic interpretation parser-independent. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.286-299. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Ulrich Germann: Visualization of protocols of the parsing and semantic interpretation steps in a machine translation system. Coling-ACL ’98 Workshop on Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations (CVIR’98), August 15, 1998, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp.83-90. [PDF, 557KB]

(1998) Wim Peters, Ivonne Peters, & Piek Vossen: Automatic sense clustering in EuroWordNet. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.409-416. [PDF, 90KB]

(1998) Lebelo Serutla & Derrick Kourie: Sentence analysis using a concept lattice. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.225-235. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Murat Temizsoy & Ilya. Cicekli: An ontology-based approach to parsing Turkish sentences. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.124-135. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Evelyne Viegas, Arnim Ruelas, Stephen Beale, & Sergei Nirenburg: Extending a core lexicon using on-line language resources with savoir-faire. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.97-104. [PDF, 180KB]

(1998) Evelyne Viegas: Multilingual computational semantic lexicons in action: the WYSINNWYG approach to NLP. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1321-1327. [PDF, 696KB]

(1998) Evelyne Viegas, Stephen Beale, & Sergei Nirenburg: The computational lexical semantics of syntagmatic relations. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1328-1332. [PDF, 500KB]

(1998) Piek Vossen & Laura Bloksma: Categories and classifications in EuroWordNet. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.399-407. [PDF, 123KB]

(1997) J.C.Amengual, J.M.Benedí, F.Casacuberta, A.Castaño, A.Castellanos, D.Llorens, A.Marzal, F.Prat, E.Vidal, & J.M.Vilar: Using categories in the EUTRANS system. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.44-53. [PDF, 697KB]

 (1997) J.Gabriel Amores & José F.Quesada: Machine translation with Episteme: linguistic knowledge representation, computational efficiency and formal properties. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: selected papers from RANLP ’97, ed. Nicolas Nikolov, John Benjamins Publ.Co.: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2000; pp.315-326. [PDF, 276KB]

(1997) M.Victoria Arranz: Lexical bottleneck in machine translation and natural language processing: a case study. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 12pp. [PDF, 116KB]

(1997) Dina Belyayeva: The model of conceptual structure mapping: a psycholinguistic approach to interlingual representation.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 1-10. [PDF, 164KB]

 (1997) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf & Michael Dorna: Using hybrid methods and resources in semantic-based transfer. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: selected papers from RANLP ’97, ed. Nicolas Nikolov, John Benjamins Publ.Co.: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2000; pp.285-302. [PDF, 446KB]

(1997) Hoa Trang Dang, Joseph Rosenzweig, & Martha Palmer: Associating semantic components with intersective Levin classes. Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 11-18. [PDF, 182KB]

(1997) Bonnie J. Dorr: Large-scale acquisition of LCS-based lexicons for foreign language tutoring. Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.139-146. [PDF, 776KB]

(1997) Bonnie J.Dorr & Mari Broman Olsen: Deriving verbal and compositional lexical aspect for NLP applications. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 151-158. [PDF, 689KB]

(1997) Bonnie J. Dorr, M. Antonia Martí, & Irene Castellón: Spanish EuroWordNet and LCS-based interlingual MT.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 19-31. [PDF, 237KB]

(1997) Bonnie J. Dorr, Mari Broman Olsen, & Scott C. Thomas: Toward compact monotonically compositional interlingua using lexical aspect.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 33-43. [PDF, 190KB]

(1997) David Farwell & Stephen Helmreich: User-friendly machine translation: alternate translations based on difference beliefs. MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 125-131 [PDF, 156KB]

(1997) Tsutomu Fujinami: Combining situated reasoning with semantic transfer minimally.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.92-93. [PDF, 116KB]

(1997) Latifur R. Khan & Eduard H. Hovy: Improving the precision of lexicon-to-ontology alignment algorithms.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 53-58. [PDF, 147KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Stephanie Seneff, & Dinesh Tummala: Ambiguity resolution for machine translation of telegraphic messages. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 120-127. [PDF, 641KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Dinesh Tummala, Linda Kukolich, & Stephanie Seneff: Simplification of nomenclature leads to an ideal IL for human language communication. Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 71-72. [PDF, 86KB]

(1997) Hideo Miyoshi, Takano Ogino, & Kenji Sugiyama: EDR’s concept classification and description for interlingual representation.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 81-89. [PDF,  184KB]

(1997) Alexis Nasr, Owen Rambow, Martha Palmer, & Joseph Rosenzweig: Enriching lexical transfer with cross-linguistic semantic features or how to do interlingua without interlingua. Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 91-98. [PDF,  202KB]

(1997) Mari Broman Olsen, Bonnie J. Dorr, & David J. Clark: Using WordNet to posit hierarchical structure in Levin’s verb classes.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 99-110. [PDF, 193KB]

(1997) Antonio Sanfilippo & Ralf Steinberger: Automatic selection and ranking of translation candidates. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.200-207. [PDF, 170KB]

(1997) Arturo Trujillo: Determining internal and external indices for chart generation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.143-150. [PDF, 370KB]

(1997) Evelyne Viegas: Mismatches and divergences: the continuum perspective. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.216-224. [PDF, 179KB]

(1997) Piek Vossen, Pedro Díez-Orzas, & Wim Peters: Multilingual design of EuroWordNet. Automatic information extraction and building of lexical semantic resources for NLP applications. ACL/EACL-97 workshop proceedings, July 12th 1997 [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. Piek Vossen, Geert Adriaens, Nicoletta Calzolari, Antonio Sanfilippo, Yorick Wilks, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.1-8. [PDF, 563KB]

(1997) Yumi Wakita, Jun Kawai, & Hitoshi Iida: Correct parts extraction from speech recognition results using semantic distance calculation, and its application to speech translation.   Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.24-31. [PDF, 666KB]

(1996) PREceedings of the Pre-Workshop on ILs and IL approaches to MT. [AMTA 1996 workshop, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 1996]; 54pp. [PDF, 174KB]

(1996) Bernd Abb, Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf, & Christel Tschernitschek: Abstraction and underspecification in semantic transfer Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.56-65 [PDF, 186KB]

 (1996) Bernd Abb, Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf, & Christel Tschernitschek: Semantic transfer in speech-to-speech MT.  Beitrag für einen Vortrag. (Heidedlberg: IBM Deutschland Informationssysteme GmbH, June 18, 1996); 11pp. [PDF, 212KB]

(1996) Stephen Beale & Sergei Nirenburg: PICARD: the next generator. Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 21-24. [PDF, 363KB]

(1996) Johan Bos, Björn Gambäck, Christian Lieske, Yoshiki Mori, Manfred Pinkal, & Karsten Worm: Compositional semantics in Verbmobil. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 131-136. [PDF, 511KB]

 (1996) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf & Christel Tschernitschek: What you always wanted to know about semantic transfer. Verbmobil report 114, September 1996; 57pp. [PDF, 409KB]

(1996) Farid Cerbah: A study of some lexical differences between French and English instructions in a multilingual generation framework. Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 131-140. [PDF, 834KB]

(1996) Judy Delin, Donia R. Scott, & Anthony Hartley: Language-specific mappings from semantics to syntax. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 292-297. [PDF, 618KB]

(1996) Michael Dorna & Martin C.Emele: Efficient implementation of a semantic-based transfer approach. ECAI96: 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Budapest, Hungary, August 11-16, 1996, ed. Wolfgang Wahlster (Chichester: Wiley, 1996); pp.567-571. [PDF, 81KB]

(1996) Michael Dorna & Martin C.Emele: Semantic-based transfer. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 316-321. [PDF, 645KB]

(1996) Isobel Heald & Rémi Zajac: Syntactic and semantic problems in the use of a controlled language. [CLAW 1996] Proceedings of the first international workshop on controlled language applications: CLAW 96. Leuven: Centre for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996; pp.205-215. [PDF, 62KB]

(1996) Sergei Nirenburg, Kavi Mahesh,  & Stephen Beale: Measuring semantic coverage. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 83-88. [PDF, 615KB]

(1996) Naoyuki Nomura & Kazunori Muraki: An empirical architecture for verb subcategorization frame: a lexicon for a real-world scale Japanese-English interlingual MT. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 640-645. [PDF, 573KB]

(1996) Victor Raskin & Sergei Nirenburg: Adjectival modification in text meaning representation. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 842-847. [PDF, 536KB]

(1996) Takehito Utsuro: Sense classification of verbal polysemy based on bilingual class / class association. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 968-973. [PDF, 599KB]

(1996) Evelyne Viegas, Boyan Onyshkevich, Victor Raskin, & Sergei Nirenburg: From submit to submitted via submission: on lexical rules in large-scale lexicon acquisition. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 32-39. [PDF, 762KB]

(1996) Evelyne Viegas & Stephen Beale: Multilinguality and reversibility in computational semantic lexicons.  Eighth International Natural Language Generation workshop (INLG’96), Proceedings, 12-15 June 1996, Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, UK; pp. 49-52. [PDF, 352KB]

 (1995) Stephen Beale, Sergei Nirenburg, & Kavi Mahesh: Semantic analysis in the Mikrokosmos machine translation project. Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Natural Language Processing, Kaset Sart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 1995; pp. 297-307. [PDF, 89KB]

(1995) Ann Copestake, Dan Flickinger, Rob Malouf, Susanne Riehemann,& Ivan Sag: Translation using minimal recursion semantics. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.15-32. [PDF, 288KB]

(1995) L.J. Mayfield, M. Gavalda, Y-H. Seo, B. Suhm, W. Ward, & A. Waibel: Concept-based parsing for speech translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.196-205. [PDF, 179KB]

(1995) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Satoru Ikehara: Intrasentential resolution of Japanese zero pronouns in a machine translation system using semantic and pragmatic constraints. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.96-105. [PDF, 200KB]

(1995) Sergei Nirenburg: Bar Hillel and machine translation: then and now. In: BISFAI’95: Proceedings [of] The Fourth Bar-Ilan Symposium on Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, ed. Moshe Koppel & Eli Shamir, June 20-22, 1995, Ramat Gat and Jerusalem, Israel (Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1996); pp.137-148. [PDF, 42KB]

(1995) Oliver Streiter & Antje Schmidt-Wigger: Patterns of derivation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.256-272.[PDF, 330KB]

(1995) Arturo Trujillo: Bi-lexical rules for multi-lexeme translation in lexicalist MT. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.48-66. [PDF, 265KB]

(1995) Frank Van Eynde: A sign-based approach to the translation of temporal expressions. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.67-86. [PDF, 855KB]

 (1994) Miriam Butt: Machine translation and complex predicates. KONVENS’94: Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache, Wien, 28.-30.September 1994, hrsg. Harald Trost (Wien: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Artificial Intelligence, 1994); pp.62-71. [PDF, 271KB]

(1994) Tim Cornish, Kimikazu Fujita, & Ryochi Sugimura: Towards machine translation using contextual information. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 51-56. [PDF, 468KB]

(1994) Barbara Gawrońska, Christer Johansson, Anders Nordner, & Caroline Willners: Interpreting compounds for machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 45-50. [PDF, 498KB]

(1994) Dirk Heylen, Kerry G. Maxwell, & Marc Verhagen: Lexical functions and machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1240-1244. [PDF, 447KB]

(1994) Satoru Ikehara, Satoshi Shirai, Akio Yokoo, Francis Bond, & Yoshie Omi: Automatic acquisition of semantic attributes for user defined words in Japanese to English machine translation.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.184-85. [PDF, 210KB]

(1994) Paul S. Jacobs: Word sense acquisition for multilingual text interpretation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 665-671. [PDF, 596KB]

(1994) Margaret King: On the proper place of semantics in machine translation.  In: Current issues in computational linguistics: in honour of Don Walker, ed. Antonio Zampolli, Nicoletta Calzolari, Martha Palmer (Linguistica Computazionale, vol. 9-10); Pisa: Giradini Editori; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, [1994]; pp.41-57. [PDF, 141KB]

(1994) Lori Levin & Sergei Nirenburg: The correct place of lexical semantics in interlingual MT. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 349-355. [PDF, 532KB]

(1994) Richard Morgan, Mark Smith, & Sengan Short: Translation by meaning and style in LOLITA. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 739KB]

(1994) Hiromi Nakaiwa, Akio Yokoo, & Satoru Ikehara: A system of verbal semantic attributes focused on the syntactic correspondence between Japanese and English. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 672-678. [PDF, 538KB]

(1994) Akitoshi Okumura and Eduard Hovy. Lexicon-to-ontology concept association using a bilingual dictionary. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 177-184 [PDF,161KB]

(1994) Bärbel Ripplinger: Concept-based machine translation and interpretation. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 666KB]

(1994) Koichi Takeda: Tricolor DAGs for machine translation. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.226-233. [PDF, 704KB]

(1994) Wilhelm Weisweber: The experimental MT system of the project KIT-FAST. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 874KB]

(1993) Margherita Antona & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Treatment of tense and aspect in translation from Italian to Greek — an example of treatment of implicit information in knowledge-based transfer MT. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 131-153. [PDF, 209KB]

(1993) Chinatsu Aone & Doug McKee: Three-level knowledge representation of predicate-argument mapping for multilingual lexicons. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.1-9.

(1993) Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf: How to overcome translation mismatches an inference driven mapping between mean­ing representations. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.24-33.

(1993) Bonnie Dorr & Clare Voss: Constraints on the space of MT divergences. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.43-53.

(1993) Ulrich Heid: Relating parallel monolingual lexicon fragments for translation purposes. In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.2319-251. [abstract]

(1993) Dirk Heylen, Kerry Maxwell, & Susan Armstrong-Warwick: Collocations, dictionaries, and MT. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.75-86.

(1993) Kevin Knight: Building a large ontology for machine translation.  Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); pp.185-190. [PDF, 495KB]

(1993) Hans-Ulrich Krieger: Typed feature formalisms as a common basis for linguistic specification. In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.101-119. [abstract]

(1993) Lori Levin & Sergei Nirenburg: Principles and idiosyncracies in MT lexicons. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.128-137.

(1993) Makoto Nagao: What kind of information is necessary for NLP and MT? In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.138-141.

(1993) Paul Procter: The Cambridge language survey.  In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.77-84. [abstract]

(1993) Hinrich Schütze: Translation by confusion. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.88-91.

(1993) Koichi Takeda: An object-oriented implementation of machine translation systems. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 154-167. [PDF, 270KB]

(1992) Bonnie J. Dorr: A parameterized approach to integrating aspect with lexical-semantics for machine translation. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.257-264. [PDF, 916KB]

(1992) Shin-ichiro Kamei & Takahiro Wakao: Metonomy: reassessment, survey of acceptability, and its treatment in a machine translation system. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.309-311. [PDF, 254KB]

(1992) Hiroaki Kitano: Utility of massively parallel computing platform in natural language processing . International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.22-36. [PDF, 161KB]

(1992) Teruko Mitamura & Eric H. Nyberg III: Hierarchical lexical structure and interpretive mapping in machine translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1254-1258. [PDF, 374KB]

(1992) Makoto Nagao: Some rationales and methodologies for example-based approach. International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.82-94. [PDF, 123KB]

(1992) Graham Russell, Afzal Ballim, John Carroll, & Susan Warwick-Armstrong: A practical approach to multiple default inheritance for unification-based lexicons. Computational Linguistics 18 (3), pp. 311-337 [PDF, 1820KB]

(1992) Satoshi Sekine, Sofia Ananiadou, Jeremy J.Carroll, & Jun’ichi Tsujii: Linguistic knowledge generator. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 560-566. [PDF, 460KB]

(1992) Bengt Sigurd, Caroline Willners, Mats Eeg-Olofsson, & Christer Johansson: Deep comprehension, generation and translation of weather forecasts (Weathra). Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 749-755. [PDF, 341KB]

(1992) Arturo Trujillo: Spatial lexicalization in the translation of prepositional phrases.  30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.306-308. [PDF, 288KB]

(1992) Takehito Utsuro, Yuji Matsumoto, & Makoto Nagao: Lexical knowledge acquisition from bilingual corpora. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 581-587. [PDF, 481KB]

(1991) Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter, Manny Rayner, & Björn Gambäck: Translation by quasi logical form transfer. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.161-168. [PDF, 669KB]

(1991) James Barnett, Inderjeet Mani, Elaine Rich, Chinatsu Aone, Kevin Knight, & Juan Carlos Martinez: Capturing language-specific semantic distinctions in interlingua-based MT.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 25-32 [PDF, 233KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 67-77]

(1991) Stephan Busemann: Structure-driven generation from separate semantic representations. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 113-118. [PDF, 580KB]

(1991) Bonnie J.Dorr: A two-level knowledge representation for machine translation: lexical semantics and tense/aspect. [ACL 1991] Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation: proceedings of a workshop, ed. James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.250-263. [PDF, 912KB]

(1991) Jerry R. Hobbs & Megumi Kameyama: Machine translation using abductive inference.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Pacific Grove, California, USA, February 19-22, 1991. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991); pp. 141-145. [PDF, 935KB]

(1991) Satoru Ikehara, Satoshi Shirai, Akio Yokoo, & Hiromi Nakaiwa: Toward an MT system without pre-editing – effects of new methods in ALT-J/E.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 101-106 [PDF, 449KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 161-169]

(1991) Hiroaki Kitano, Dan Moldovan, & Seungho Cha: Toward high performance machine translation: preliminary results from massively parallel memory-based translation on SNAP.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 93-100 [PDF, 518KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 139-152]

(1991) John Laffling: Towards high-precision machine translation, based on contrastive textology. Berlin, New York: Foris Publications, 1991. xiii, 178pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 7). Contents.

(1990) Hiyan Alshawi: Resolving quasi logical forms. Computational Linguistics 16 (3), pp. 133-144 [PDF, 1198KB]

(1990) John A. Bateman: Finding translation equivalents: an application of grammatical metaphor. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 13-18. [PDF, 703KB]

(1990) Winfield S. Bennett: How much semantics is necessary for MT systems? Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.261-270. [PDF, 125KB]

(1990) Christine Defrise & Sergei Nirenburg: Meaning representation and text planning. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 219-224. [PDF, 725KB]

(1990) Bonnie Dorr: Solving thematic divergences in machine translation.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.127-134. [PDF, 465KB]

(1990) Dan W. Higinbotham: Semantic cooccurrence networks. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.75-84. [PDF, 132KB]

(1990) Dan Walter Higinbotham: Semantic cooccurrence networks and the automatic resolution of lexical ambiguity in machine translation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, December 1990. vii,270pp. [PDF, 308KB]

(1990) Robert T. Kasper & Eduard H. Hovy: Performing integrated syntactic and semantic parsing using classification.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, USA, June 24-27, 1990. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990); pp. 54-59. [PDF, 1085KB]

(1990) Shalom Lappin & Michael McCord: A syntactic filter on pronominal anaphora for slot grammar. 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.135-142. [PDF, 437KB]

(1990) Sergei Nirenburg & Kenneth Goodman: Treatment of meaning in MT systems. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.171-188. [PDF, 218KB]

(1990) Manny Rayner & Amelia Banks: An implementable semantics for comparative constructions. Computational Linguistics 16 (2), pp. 85-112 [PDF, 2326KB]

(1990) Victor Sadler: The bilingual knowledge bank (BKB): a new foundation for machine translation. [Utrecht: private publication, June 1990].46pp. [PDF, 4579KB]

(1990) Taijiro Tsutsumi: Wide-range restructuring of intermediate representations in machine translation. Computational Linguistics 16 (2), pp. 71-78. [PDF, 764KB]

(1990) Andy Way: Mel’čuk’s explanatory-combinatorial dictionary and its relevance for machine translation. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 25pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1990) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: The semantic representation of spatial configurations: the conceptual motivation for generation in machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 299-303. [PDF, 369KB]

Semantic transfer see Lexical transfer

Speech recognition

 (1999) Steve Adams: Goodbye, operator: speech recognition is revolutionizing customer support—in multiple languages. Language International 11 (3), June 1999; pp.26-28. [PDF, 159KB]

(1999) Sergio Barrachina & Juan Miguel Vilar: Automatically deriving categories for translation. Sixth European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech ’99), Budapest, Hungary, September 5-9, 1999; pp.2415-2418; abstract [PDF, 48KB]

(1997) Pascale Fung, Bertram Shi, Dekai Wu, Lam Wai Bun, & Wong Shuen Kong: Dealing with multilinguality in a spoken language query translator.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 40-43. [PDF, 274KB]

 (1997) Andrew Joscelyne: Dictating progress to machines. Language International 9 (1), 1997; pp.14-17. [PDF, 170KB]

 (1997) Yu.Kosarev & R.Piotrowski: Synergetics and ‘insight’ strategy for speech processing. Literary and Linguistic Computing 12 (2), pp.112-118. [PDF, 235KB]

(1997) Mark Seligman: Six issues in speech translation. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 83-91. [PDF, 614KB]

(1997) Alexander Waibel: Multilingual speech processing. In: Giovanni Battista Varile & Antonio Zampolli (eds.) Survey of the state of the art in human language technology (Pisa: Giardini), pp. 266-272. [PDF, 148KB]

(1997) Yumi Wakita, Jun Kawai, & Hitoshi Iida: Correct parts extraction from speech recognition results using semantic distance calculation, and its application to speech translation.   Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.24-31. [PDF, 666KB]

(1994) Helen McCready & Francoise Moreau-Johnson: Developments in voice and language technology.  Translating and the Computer 16. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1994, Institution of Civil Engineers, London SW1 (London: Aslib, 1994); pp.33-36. [PDF, 61KB]

(1993) Tsuyoshi Morimoto, Toshiyuki Takezawa, Fumihiro Yato, Shigeki Sagayama, Toshihisa Tashiro, Masaaki Nagata, & Akira Kurematsu: ATR’s speech translation system: ASURA.  Eurospeech ’93 Third European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Berlin, Germany, September 22-25, 1993; pp.1291-1294; abstract [PDF, 28KB]

(1993) Shigeki Sagayama, Jun-ichi Takami, Akito Nagai, Harald Singer, Kouchi Yamaguchi, Kzumi Ohkura, Kenji Kita, & Akira Kurematsu: ATREUS: a speech recognition front-end for a speech translation system. Eurospeech ’93 Third European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Berlin, Germany, September 22-25, 1993; pp.1287-1290; abstract [PDF, 28KB]

 (1993) ARPA’s deep pockets. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.15, May-June 1993; pp.5-8. [PDF, 95KB]

(1990) Colin Brace: Lernout & Hauspie: speech tech with a Flemish accent. Electric Word 19, May-June 1990; pp.15-16. [PDF, 437KB]

(1990) Marcel Tatham: Speech. [Contribution to discussion group ‘Speech/NL interaction and MT’] Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; [PDF]

Speech synthesis

(1997) Yu.Kosarev & R.Piotrowski: Synergetics and ‘insight’ strategy for speech processing. Literary and Linguistic Computing 12 (2), pp.112-118. [PDF, 235KB]

(1996) Eric Wehrli: System demonstration: ITSVOX. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.247-251 [PDF, 116KB]

(1995) Globalink to use L&H text-to-speech to check translations. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.26, March-April 1995; pp.8-9. [PDF, 74KB]

(1995) Yet more Japanese translation aids. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.25, January-February 1995; p.12. [PDF, 74KB]

(1990) Colin Brace: Lernout & Hauspie: speech tech with a Flemish accent. Electric Word 19, May-June 1990; pp.15-16. [PDF, 437KB]

(1990) Marcel Tatham: Speech. [Contribution to discussion group ‘Speech/NL interaction and MT’] Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; [PDF]

Syntactic analysis and representation (see also Chart parsing)

(1999) Ulrich Germann: A deterministic dependency parser for Japanese.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 547-555. [PDF, 136KB]

(1999) Petr Sgall: On intermediate structures and tectogrammatics. EAMT Workshop “EU and the new languages”, April 22-23, 1999, Prague,Czech Republic. [also abstract only]. [abstract only, PDF]

(1999) Janine Toole, Fred Popowich, Devlan Nicholson, Davide Turcato, & Paul McFetridge: Explanation-based learning for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 161-171 [PDF, 172KB]

(1999) Masahiro Ueki, Takenobu Tokunaga, & Hozumi Tanaka: Sharing syntactic structures. Machine  Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 543-546. [PDF, 138KB]

(1998) Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh & Tang Enya Kong: A flexible example-based parser based on the SSTC. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 687-693. [PDF, 592KB]

(1998) Yukiko Sasaki Alam: Machine translation among languages with transitivity divergences using the causal relation in the interlingual lexicon. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.461-471. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Marie-Hélène Candito: Building parallel LTAG for French and Italian. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 211-217. [PDF, 618KB]

(1998) Ulrich Germann: Visualization of protocols of the parsing and semantic interpretation steps in a machine translation system. Coling-ACL ’98 Workshop on Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations (CVIR’98), August 15, 1998, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp.83-90. [PDF, 557KB]

(1998) Nari Kim: Statistical approach for Korean analysis: a method based on structural patterns. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.308-317. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Lebelo Serutla & Derrick Kourie: Sentence analysis using a concept lattice. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.225-235. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Murat Temizsoy & Ilya. Cicekli: An ontology-based approach to parsing Turkish sentences. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.124-135. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Davide Turcato: Automatically creating bilingual lexicons for machine translation from bilingual text. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1299-1306. [PDF, 717KB]

(1998) Ye-Yi Wang & Alex Waibel: Modeling with structures in statistical machine translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1357-1363. [PDF, 524KB]

(1997) Juan C.Amengual, José M.Benedí, Francisco Casacuberta, Asunción Castaño, Antonio Castellanos, David Llorens, Andrés Marzal, Federico Prat, Enrique Vidal, & Juan M.Vilar: Error correcting parsing for text-to-text machine translation using finite state models. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.135-142. [PDF, 217KB]

(1997) Arendse Bernth: EasyEnglish: a tool for improving document quality.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.159-165. [PDF, 635KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Stephanie Seneff, & Dinesh Tummala: Ambiguity resolution for machine translation of telegraphic messages. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 120-127. [PDF, 641KB]

 (1997) J.L.Morris: The Ergo parser challenge. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 5: April 1997; pp.19-24. [PDF]

(1997) Dekai Wu: Stochastic inversion transduction grammars and bilingual parsing of parallel corpora. Computational Linguistics 23 (3), pp. 378-403 [PDF, 1660KB]

(1996) J. Gareth Evans: Implementing an efficient compact parser for a machine translation system. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 3: April 1996; pp.7-20.

(1996) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: Incremental translation utilizing constituent boundary patterns. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 412-417. [PDF, 561KB]

(1996) Günther Görz, Marcus Kesseler, Jörg Spilker, & Hans Weber: Research on architectures for integrated speech/language systems in Verbmobil. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 484-489. [PDF, 547KB]

 (1996) Isobel Heald & Rémi Zajac: Syntactic and semantic problems in the use of a controlled language. [CLAW 1996] Proceedings of the first international workshop on controlled language applications: CLAW 96. Leuven: Centre for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996; pp.205-215. [PDF, 62KB]

(1996) Beryl Hoffman: Translating into free word order languages. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 556-561. [PDF, 535KB]

(1996) Martha Palmer & Joseph Rosenzweig: Capturing motion verb generalizations in synchronous tree adjoining grammars. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.76-85 [PDF, 177KB] 

(1996) Kenji Yamada: A controlled skip parser Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.14-23 [PDF, 155KB]

(1995) Kuang-Hua Chen & Hsin-Hsi Chen: Machine translation: an integration approach. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.287-294. [PDF, 427KB]

(1995) L.J. Mayfield, M. Gavalda, Y-H. Seo, B. Suhm, W. Ward, & A. Waibel: Concept-based parsing for speech translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.196-205. [PDF, 179KB]

(1994) David Farwell, Steven Helmreich, Wanying Jin, Mark Casper, Jim Hargrave, Hugo Molina-Salgado, & Fuliang Weng: PANGLYZER: Spanish language analysis system. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 56-64 [PDF, 143KB]

(1994) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: Constituent boundary parsing for example-based machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 105-111. [PDF, 496KB]

(1994) Sadao Kurohashi & Makoto Nagao: A syntactic analysis method of long Japanese sentences based on the detection of conjunctive structures. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 508-534 [PDF, 1681KB]

(1994) Dekang Lin, Bonnie Dorr, Jye-hoon Lee, and Sungki Suh: A parameter-based message-passing parser for MT of Korean and English. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 149-156. [PDF,208KB]

(1994) Makoto Nagao: Varieties of heuristics in sentence parsing.  In: Current issues in computational linguistics: in honour of Don Walker, ed. Antonio Zampolli, Nicoletta Calzolari, Martha Palmer (Linguistica Computazionale, vol. 9-10); Pisa: Giradini Editori; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, [1994]; pp.513-523. [PDF, 107KB]

(1994) Akitoshi Okumura & Kazunori Muraki: Symmetric pattern matching analysis for English coordinate structures. Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.41-46. [PDF, 558KB]

(1994) Stephen D.Richardson: Bootstrapping statistical processing into a rule-based natural language parser. The balancing act: combining symbolic and statistical approaches to language. Proceedings of the workshop, 1 July 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico. (ACL, 1994); pp.96-103. [PDF, 1013KB]

(1994) Ralf Steinberger: Treating ‘free word order’ in machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 69-75. [PDF, 526KB]

(1994) Jong-Nae Wang, Jing-Shin Chang & Keh-Yih Su: An automatic treebank conversion algorithm for corpus sharing. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.248-254. [PDF, 616KB]

(1994) Jonathan Yamron, James Cant, Anne Demedts, Taiko Dietzel, & Yoshiko Ito: The automatic component of the LINGSTAT machine-aided translation system. Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 8-11, 1994. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994); pp.163-168. [PDF, 921KB]

 (1994) The Finnish formula. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.21, May-June 1994; pp.1-6. [PDF, 112KB]

(1994) The spirit of Eurotra. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.19, January-February 1994; pp.1-4. [PDF, 105KB]

(1993) Chrysanne DiMarco & Graeme Hirst: A computational theory of goal-directed style in syntax. Computational Linguistics 19 (3), pp.451-499 [PDF, 2864KB]

(1993) Yuji Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Ishimoto, & Takehito Utsuro: Structural matching of parallel texts. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.23-30. [PDF, 601KB]

(1993) Patrick Saint-Dizier: A producer-consumer schema for machine translation within the PROLEXICA project. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.108-119.

(1993) Kiyoshi Yamabana, Shin'ichiro Kamei & Kazunori Muraki: On representation of preference scores. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 92-101. [PDF, 235KB]

(1992) Doug Arnold & Louisa Sadler: Rationalism and the treatment of referential dependencies Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.195-204. [PDF, 198KB]

(1992) Laurence Danlos & Pollet Samvelian: Translation in the predicative element of a sentence: category switiching, aspect and diathesis Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.21-34. [PDF, 168KB]

(1992) Masahiko Ishikawa & Ryoichi Sugimura: Natural language analysis using a network model - Modification Deciding Network Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.55-66. [PDF, 232KB]

 (1992) Cheol Ho Kim & Gil Chang Kim: Syntactic analysis of coordinate noun phrase. Literary and Linguistic Computing 7 (3), pp.159-167. [PDF, 260KB]

(1992) Makoto Nagao: Are the grammars so far developed appropriate to recognize the real structure of a sentence? Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.127-137. [PDF, 168KB]

(1992) Akitoshi Okumura, Kazunori Muraki, & Kiyoshi Yamabana: A pattern-learning based, hybrid model for the syntactic analysis of structural relationships among Japanese clauses  Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.45-54 [PDF, 184KB]

(1992) Hammam R. Yusuf: An analysis of Indonesian language for interlingual machine-translation system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1228-1232. [PDF, 308KB]

(1990) Herman Caeyers & Geert Adriaens: Efficient parsing using preferences. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.279-286. [PDF, 104KB]

(1990) Marc Dymetman, Pierre Isabelle, & François Perrault: A symmetrical approach to parsing and generation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 90-96. [PDF, 671KB]

(1990) Robert T. Kasper & Eduard H. Hovy: Performing integrated syntactic and semantic parsing using classification.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, USA, June 24-27, 1990. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990); pp. 54-59. [PDF, 1085KB]

(1990) Lori Levin: Syntactic theory and grammar design for machine translation. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.109-120. [PDF, 162KB]

(1990) Hiroshi Maruyama, Hideo Watanabe, & Shiho Ogino: An interactive Japanese parser for machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 257-262. [PDF, 382KB]

(1990) Gregor Thurmair: Parsing for grammar and style checking. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 365-370. [PDF, 490KB]

Syntactic transfer

(1999) Mosleh H. Al-Adhaileh & Tang Enya Kong: Example-based machine translation based on the synchronous SSTC annotation schema.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 244-249. [PDF, 271KB]

(1999) Michael Carl: Inducing translation templates for example-based machine translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 250-258. [PDF, 245KB]

(1999) Stephan Mehl & Martin Volk: Aspects of the translation of English subordinate clauses into German. Problems and Potential of English-to-German MT Systems: workshop at the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Chester, England, August 1999; 10pp. [PDF, 51KB]

(1998) Michael Dorna, Anette Frank, Josef van Genabith, & Martin C. Emele: Syntactic and semantic transfer with F-structures. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 341-347. [PDF, 579KB]

(1998) Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, Ralph Grishman, Catherine Macleod, Antonio Moreno-Sandoval: Deriving transfer rules from dominance-preserving alignments. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 843-847. [PDF, 418KB]

(1998) Dekai Wu & Hongsing Wong: Machine translation with a stochastic grammatical channel. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1408-1415. [PDF, 691KB]

(1997) Karin Harbusch: How to solve the conflict of structure-preserving translation and fluent text production. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.87-94. [PDF, 509KB]

(1997) Cigdem Keyder Turhan: An English to Turkish machine translation system using structural mapping. Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.320-323. [PDF, 355KB]

(1996) Beryl Hoffman: Translating into free word order languages. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 556-561. [PDF, 535KB]

(1995) Bonnie J. Dorr, Dekang Lin, Jye-hoon Lee, & Sungki Suh: Efficient parsing for Korean and English: a parameterized message-passing approach. Computational Linguistics 21 (2), pp. 255-263 [Squibs and discussions] [PDF, 595KB]

(1995) Claudia Gdaniec & Patricia Schmid: Constituent shifts in the Logos English-German system. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.311-318. [PDF, 124KB]

(1994) Hussein Almuallim, Yasuhiro Akiba, Takefumi Yamazaki, Akio Yokoo, & Shigeo Kaneda: Two methods for learning ALT-J/E translation rules from examples and a semantic hierarchy.  Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 57-63. [PDF, 529KB]

 (1994) Miriam Butt: Machine translation and complex predicates. KONVENS’94: Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache, Wien, 28.-30.September 1994, hrsg. Harald Trost (Wien: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Artificial Intelligence, 1994); pp.62-71. [PDF, 271KB]

(1994) Bonnie J. Dorr: Machine translation divergences: a formal description and proposed solution. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 597-633 [PDF, 2352KB]

(1994) Satoshi Kinoshita, Akira Kumano, & Hideki Hirakawa: Improvement in customizability using translation templates. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 25-31. [PDF, 433KB]

(1994) Peter E.Pause: Interlingual strategies in translation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.175-190.

(1993) Bonnie Dorr & Clare Voss: Constraints on the space of MT divergences. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.43-53.

(1993) Ronald M.Kaplan & Jürgen Wedekind: Restriction and correspondence-based translation. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; pp. 193-202. [PDF, 751KB]

(1993) Lori Levin & Sergei Nirenburg: Principles and idiosyncracies in MT lexicons. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.128-137.

 (1993) Yuji Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Ishimoto, & Takehito Utsuro: Structural matching of parallel texts. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.23-30. [PDF, 601KB]

(1994) Hiromi Nakaiwa, Akio Yokoo, & Satoru Ikehara: A system of verbal semantic attributes focused on the syntactic correspondence between Japanese and English. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 672-678. [PDF, 538KB]

(1992) Peter F. Brown, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, John D. Lafferty, & Robert L. Mercer: Analysis, statistical transfer, and synthesis in machine translation Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.83-100. [PDF, 209KB]

(1992) Satoshi Kinoshita, John Phillips, & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Interaction between structural changes in machine translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 679-685. [PDF, 462KB]

(1992) Satoshi Kinoshita, John Phillips, & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Interaction between structural changes in machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); pp. 255-260. [PDF, 929KB]

(1992) Masami Suzuki: A method of utilizing domain and language specific constraints in dialogue translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 756-762. [PDF, 467KB]

(1992) Hideki Tanaka, Teruaki Aizawa, Yeun-Bae Kim, & Nobuko Hatada: A method of translating English delexical structures into Japanese. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 567-573. [PDF, 471KB]

(1991) Graham Russell, Afzal Ballim, Dominique Estival, & Susan Warwick-Armstrong: A language for the statement of binary relations over feature structures. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 287-292. [PDF, 550KB]

(1991) Louisa Sadler & Henry S.Thompson: Structural non-correspondence in translation. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 293-298. [PDF, 483KB]

(1990) Bonnie Dorr: Solving thematic divergences in machine translation.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.127-134. [PDF, 465KB]

(1990) Louisa Sadler: Codescription and transfer. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 7pp. [PDF, 28KB]

 (1990) Zaharin Yusoff: Generation of synthesis programs in ROBRA (ARIANE) from string-tree correspondence grammars (or a strategy for synthesis in machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 425-430. [PDF, 536KB]

Tagging

(1999) Tantely Andriamanankasina, Kenji Araki, & Koji Tochinai: Example-based machine translation of part-of-speech tagged sentences by recursive division. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 509-517. [PDF, 224KB]

(1999) Ralf D. Brown: Adding linguistic knowledge to a lexical example-based translation system.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 22-32 [PDF, 214KB]

(1999) Hideki Tanaka & Akio Yokoo: An efficient statistical speech act type tagging system for speech translation systems. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.381-388. [PDF, 746KB]

(1999) Masahiro Ueki, Takenobu Tokunaga, & Hozumi Tanaka: Sharing syntactic structures. Machine  Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 543-546. [PDF, 138KB]

(1998) Joseba Abaitua, Arantza Casillas, & Raquel Martínez: Value added tagging for multilingual resource management. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1003-1007. [PDF, 64KB]

(1998) Sotiris Boutsis & Stelios Piperidis: Aligning clauses in parallel texts. Third conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Nancy Ide and Atro Voutilainen, 2 June 1998, Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain; pp.17-26. [PDF, 665KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Bitext correspondences through rich mark-up. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 812-818. [PDF, 637KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Aligning tagged bitexts. Coling-ACL’98: Sixth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eugene Charniak, 15th-16th August 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp.102-109. [PDF, 608KB]

(1997) Scott W. Bennett, Chinatsu Aone, & Craig Lovell: Learning to tag multilingual texts through observation. Second conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel, August 1-2, 1997, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; pp.109-116. [PDF, 827KB]

(1997) Roger Harris: The AMALGAM parts-of-speech tagger. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 5: April 1997; pp.6-9.

(1996) Shinsuke Mori & Makato Nagao: Word extraction from corpora and its part-of-speech estimation using distributional analysis. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1119-1122. [PDF, 355KB]

(1995) Pascale Fung & Dekai Wu: Coerced Markov models for cross-lingual lexical-tag relations. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.240-255. [PDF, 306KB]

(1995) Pascale Fung: A pattern matching method for finding noun and proper noun translations from noisy parallel corpora.  33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.236-243 . [PDF, 631KB]

(1994) Kuang-hua Chen & Hsin-Hsi Chen: A part-of-speech-based alignment algorithm. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 166-171. [PDF, 412KB]

(1994) Ming Zhou & Changning Huang: An efficient syntactic tagging tool for corpora. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 949-955. [PDF, 426KB]

(1993) Julien Kupiec: An algorithm for finding noun phrase correspondences in bilingual corpora. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 17-22. [PDF, 487KB]

(1993) Hiroshi Maruyama, Shiho Ogino & Masaru Hidano: The mega-word tagged-corpus project. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 15-23. [PDF, 196KB]

 (1993) Pim van der Eijk: Automating the acquisition of bilingual terminology. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; pp. 113-119. [PDF, 859KB]

(1992) Eric Brill & Mitch Marcus: Tagging an unfamiliar text with minimal human supervision. International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.112-121. [PDF, 195KB]

(1992) Elliott Macklovitch: Where the tagger falters Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.113-126. [PDF, 187KB]

(1992) A.Winarske, S.Warwick-Armstrong, & J.Hajič: Tagging and alignment of parallel texts: current status of BCP.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.209-215. [PDF, 190KB]

(1990) Anne Abeillé, Yves Schabes, & Aravind K. Joshi: Using lexical tags for machine translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th Inter national Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 1-6. [PDF, 560KB]

Word alignment

(1999) Tantely Andriamanankasina, Kenji Araki, & Koji Tochinai: Example-based machine translation of part-of-speech tagged sentences by recursive division. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 509-517. [PDF, 224KB]

(1999) Magnus Merkel & Lars Ahrenberg: Evaluating word alignment systems. PLUG report. [Linköping University, 1999] 6pp. [PDF, 33KB]

(1999) Reinhard Rapp: Automatic identification of word translations from unrelated English and German corpora. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.519-526. [PDF, 709KB]

(1999) Takaaki Tanaka & Yoshihiro Matsuo: Extraction of translation equivalents from non-parallel corpora. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 249KB]

(1998) Lars Ahrenberg, Mikael Andersson, & Magnus Merkel: A simple hybrid aligner for generating lexical correspondences in parallel texts.  Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 29-35. [PDF, 626KB]

(1998) Hiyan Alshawi, Srinivas Bangalore, & Shona Douglas: Automatic acquisition of hierarchical transduction models for machine translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 41-47. [PDF, 542KB]

(1998) Nigel Collier, Hideki Hirakawa, & Akira Kumano: Machine translation vs dictionary term translation – a comparison for English-Japanese news article alignment. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 263-267. [PDF, 480KB]

(1998) Éric Gaussier: Flow network models for word alignment and terminology extraction from bilingual corpora. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 444-450. [PDF, 585KB]

(1998) Franz Josef Och & Hans Weber: Improving statistical natural language translation with categories and rules. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 704-710. [PDF, 443KB]

(1998) Ye-Yi Wang & Alex Waibel: Modeling with structures in statistical machine translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1357-1363. [PDF, 524KB]

(1997) Mathis H. Chen, Jason S. Chang, Sue J. Ker, & Jen-Nan Chen: TopAlign: word alignment for bilingual corpora based on topical clusters of dictionary entries and translations. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.127-134. [PDF, 458KB]

(1997) Sue J. Ker & Jason S. Chang: A class-based approach to word alignment. Computational Linguistics 23 (2), pp. 313-343. [PDF, 1955KB]

(1997) I.Dan Melamed: A word-to-word model of translational equivalence. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 490-497. [PDF, 718KB]

(1996) Masahiko Haruno & Takefumi Yamazaki: High-performance bilingual text alignment using statistical and dictionary information. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 131-138. [PDF, 740KB]

(1996) Hiroyuki Kaji & Toshiko Aizono: Extracting word correspondences from bilingual corpora based on word co-occurrence information. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 23-28. [PDF, 543KB]

(1996) Sur-Jin Ker & Jason J.S.Chang: Aligning more words with high precision for small bilingual corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 210-215. [PDF, 598KB]

(1996) Jung H. Shin, Young S. Han, & Key-Sun Choi: Bilingual knowledge acquisition from Korean-English parallel corpus using alignment method (Korean-English alignment at word and phrase level). Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 230-235. [PDF, 480KB]

(1995) Roger Garside: Matching words in a bilingual corpus. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 2: October 1995; pp.7-18

(1995) Reinhard Rapp: Identifying word translations in non-parallel texts. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.320-322 . [PDF, 265KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: An algorithm for simultaneously bracketing parallel texts by aligning words. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.244-251 . [PDF, 772KB]

(1994) Jyun-Sheng Chang and Huey-Chyun Chen: Using part-of-speech information in word alignment. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 16-23 [PDF, 145KB]

(1994) Ido Dagan & Ken Church: Termight: identifying and translating technical terminology. Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp. 34-40. [PDF, 661KB]

(1994) Fathi Debili, Elyès Sammouda, & Adnane Zribi: Using syntactic dependencies for word alignment.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.188-189. [PDF, 190KB]

(1994) Pascale Fung & Kenneth Ward Church: K-vec: a new approach for aligning parallel texts. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1096-1102. [PDF, 515KB]

(1994) Akira Kumano & Hideki Hirakawa: Building an MT dictionary from parallel texts based on linguistic and statistical information. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 76-81. [PDF, 412KB]

(1993) Stanley F. Chen: Aligning sentences in bilingual corpora using lexical information. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.9-16. [PDF, 652KB]

(1993) Ido Dagan, Kenneth W. Church, William A.Gale: Robust bilingual word alignment for machine aided translation. Workshop on Very Large Corpora: Academic and Industrial Perspectives. Proceedings, June 22, 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.1-8. [PDF, 689KB]

(1993) Julien Kupiec: An algorithm for finding noun phrase correspondences in bilingual corpora. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 17-22. [PDF, 487KB]

(1991) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: Identifying word correspondences in parallel texts.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Pacific Grove, California, USA, February 19-22, 1991. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991); pp. 152-157. [PDF, 963KB]

Word sense disambiguation

(1999) Timothy Baldwin & Hozumi Tanaka: Argument status in Japanese verb sense disambiguation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 196-206 [PDF, 239KB]

(1999) Jim Cowie, Yevgeny Ludovik, & Sergei Nirenburg: Using a target language model for domain independent lexical disambiguation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 412-416. [PDF, 163KB]

(1999) Lee Hian-Beng: Article selection using probabilistic sense disambiguation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 421-426. [PDF, 194KB]

(1999) Nancy Ide: Parallel translations as sense discriminators. SIGLEX99: Standardizing Lexical Resources. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the [ACL] Special Interest Group on the Lexicon, June 21, 22, 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.52-61. [PDF, 638KB]

(1999) Genichiro Kikui: Resolving translation ambiguity using non-parallel bilingual corpora. ACL-1999 Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the Workshop ed. Andrew Kehler and Andreas Stolcke, 21 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.31-36. [PDF, 471KB]

 (1999) Elke D.Lange & Jin Yang: Automatic domain recognition for machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 641-645. [PDF, 171KB]

(1999) Hyun Ah Lee, Jong C. Park & Gil Chang Kim: Lexical selection with a target language monolingual corpus and an MRD.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 150-160 [PDF, 283KB]

(1999) Hui-Feng Li, Namwon Heo, Kyoungbi Moon, & Jong-Hyeok Lee: The use of abstracted knowledge from an automatically sense-tagged corpus for lexical transfer ambiguity resolution.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 390-396. [PDF, 254KB]

(1999) Evelyne Viegas, Wanyng Jin, & Stephen Beale: Long time no see: overt semantics for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 11-21 [PDF, 203KB]

(1999) Evelyne Viegas, Wanying Jin, & Stephen Beale: Using computational semantics for Chinese translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 522- 530. [PDF, 396KB]

(1998) Atsushi Fujii, Kentaro Inui, Takenobu Tokunaga, & Hozumi Tanaka: Selective sampling for example-based word sense disambiguation. Computational Linguistics 24 (4), pp. 574-597. [PDF, 1665KB]

(1998) Nancy Ide & Jean Véronis: Word sense disambiguation: the state of the art. Computational Linguistics 24 (1), March 1998; pp.1-40. [PDF, 187KB]

(1998) Genichiro Kikui: Term-list translation using mono-lingual word co-occurrence vectors. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 670-674. [PDF, 592KB]

(1998) Archibald Michiels & Nicolas Dufour: DEFI, a tool for automatic multi-word unit recognition, meaning assignment and translation selection. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1179-1186. [PDF, 72KB]

 (1998) Yorick Wilks & Mark Stevenson: Word sense disambiguation using optimised combinations of knowledge sources. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1398-1402. [PDF, 509KB]

(1997) M.Victoria Arranz: Lexical bottleneck in machine translation and natural language processing: a case study. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 12pp. [PDF, 116KB]

(1997) Kavi Mahesh, Sergei Nirenburg, & Stephen Beale: If you have it, flaunt it: using full ontological knowledge for word sense disambiguation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.1-9. [PDF, 167KB]

(1997) Kavi Mahesh, Sergei Nirenburg, Stephen Beale, Evelyne Viegas, Victor Raskin, & Boyan Onyshkevych: Word sense disambiguation: why statistics when we have these numbers?. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.151-159. [PDF, 146KB]

(1996) Atsushi Fujii, Kentaro Inui, Takenobu Tokunaga, & Hozumi Tanaka: Selective sampling of effective example sentence sets for word sense disambiguation. Fourth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eva Ejerhed and Ido Dagan, 4 August 1996, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp.56-69. [PDF, 883KB]

(1994) Ido Dagan & Alon Itai: Word sense disambiguation using a second language monolingual corpus. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 563-596 [PDF, 2511KB]

(1994) Steve Helmreich: Sense disambiguation in the Panglyzer. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17-18 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 9 slides [PDF, 99KB]

(1994) Naohiko Uramoto: A best-match algorithm for broad-coverage example-based disambiguation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 717-721. [PDF, 427KB]

(1992) William Gale, Kenneth Ward Church, & David Yarowsky: Estimating upper and lower bounds on the performance of word-sense disambiguation programs. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.249-256. [PDF, 844KB]

(1992) William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church, & David Yarowsky: One sense per discourse.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); pp. 233-237. [PDF, 883KB]

(1992) William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church, & David Yarowsky: Using bilingual materials to develop word sense disambiguation methods Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.101-112. [PDF, 291KB]

(1991) Peter F. Brown, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, & Robert L. Mercer: A statistical approach to sense disambiguation in machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Pacific Grove, California, USA, February 19-22, 1991. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991); pp. 146-151. [PDF, 915KB]

(1991) Peter F. Brown, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, & Robert Mercer: Word-sense disambiguation using statistical methods. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp. 264-270. [PDF, 473KB]

(1991) Ido Dagan, Alon Itai, & Ulrike Schwall: Two languages are more informative than one.   29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.130-137. [PDF, 731KB]

(1991) Ido Dagan: Lexical disambiguation: sources of information and their statistical realization.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp. 341-342. [PDF, 201KB]

(1991) Naomi Inoue: Automatic noun classification by using Japanese-English word pairs.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.201-208. [PDF, 469KB]