Machine Translation Archive
Index
to methods, techniques, processes
Publications before 1970
For other periods go to: Publications since 2010;
publications 2005-2009;
publications 2000-2004;
publications 1990-1999;
publications 1970-1989
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Disambiguation (see also Word sense disambiguation)
(1969) István Bátori: Disambiguating
verbs with multiple meaning in the MT-system of IBM Germany. Coling 1969: International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1965) Swaminathan Madhu & Dean W.Lytle: A figure of merit technique for the resolution of
non-grammatical ambiguity. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965;
pp.9-13 [PDF, 167KB]
(1963) Susumu Kuno & Anthony G.Oettinger: Syntactic
structure and ambiguity of English. Proceedings
of AFIPS 1963 Fall Joint computer Conference (New York: Spartan Books,
1963); vol.24, pp.397-418. [PDF, 308KB]
(1963) Victor H.Yngve: Automatic
machine translation: potentialities for Braille encoding. Proceedings of the International Congress on
Technology and Blindness (William Byrd Press, 1963), vol.I;
pp.393-402. [PDF, 45KB]
(1961) M.Corbé & R.Tabory: Introduction to an
automatic English syntax (by fragmentation). 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp.616-652. [PDF, 138KB] [discussion]
(1961) Y.Lecerf: Intrinsic machine
addressing in automatic translation.
1961 International Conference on
Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings
of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington,
Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.284-312. [PDF, 132KB] [discussion]
(1961) Irina Lynch: Russian
–СЯ verbs, impersonally used verbs and subject/object ambiguities.
1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.478-502. [PDF, 200KB] [discussion]
(1960) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: A demonstration of the nonfeasibility
of fully automatic high quality translation. Appendix III of ‘The present
status of automatic translation of languages’. Reprinted in: Y.Bar-Hillel, Language
and information (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1964), 174-179.[PDF, 89KB]
(1960) Harry H.Josselson: Research in
machine translation [at
(1960) Ariadne W.Lukjanow: Semantic
classification. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine
Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February
2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.394-397. [PDF, 64KB]
(1960) Erwin Reifler: The solution of
MT linguistic problems through lexicography. Proceedings of the National
Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los
Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.312-316. [PDF, 63KB]
(1960) Don R.Swanson: The nature of
multiple meaning. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine
Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February
2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.386-393. [PDF, 83KB]
(1959) L.E.Dostert: Approaches to the reduction of ambiguity in
machine translation. Journal of the
SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers) 68 (4),
April 1959; pp.234-235. [PDF, 212KB]
(1959) F.H.Ellis: Human translateability
test. In: Essays on and in machine
translation [ML91, appendix I] (Cambridge Language Research Unit),
1959; 2 pp. [PDF, 10KB]
(1959) R.M.Needham
& A.F.Parker-Rhodes: This question of lattice theory. In: Essays on and in machine translation
[ML89] (Cambridge Language Research Unit), May 1959; 13pp. [PDF, 46KB]
(1959) C.Wordley:
Establishing the contextual meaning of words.
In: Essays on and in machine translation
[ML91, appendix II] (Cambridge Language Research Unit), May 1959; 6pp. [PDF, 47KB]
(1958) R.H.Richens: Tigris and
Euphrates – a comparison between human and machine translation. Mechanisation of thought processes:
Proceedings of a symposium held at the National Physical Laboratory on 24th,
25th, 26th and 27th November 1958 (London: HMSO, 1959); pp.281-307 [including
discussion by Bar-Hillel]. [PDF, 105KB]
(1957) Roderick Gould: Multiple
correspondence, Mechanical
Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 14-27 and 43 [PDF, 218KB]
(1957) Kenneth E. Harper: Semantic
ambiguity, Mechanical Translation
4 (3), December 1957; pp. 68-69 [PDF, 93KB]
(1957) Kenneth E. Harper: Contextual
analysis, Mechanical Translation
4 (3), December 1957; pp. 70-75 [PDF, 159KB]
(1957) Andreas Koutsoudas & Assya Humecky: Ambiguity of syntactic
function resolved by linear context. Word
13 (3), December 1957; pp.403-414. [PDF, 235KB]
(1957) M.M.Masterman: The thesaurus in syntax and semantics, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November
1957; pp. 35-43 [PDF, 156KB]
(1957) Paul Pimsleur: Semantic frequency counts, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 11-13 [PDF,
111KB]
(1956) A.F.
Parker-Rhodes: Author’s reply to discussion
on ‘the computer in a non-arithmetic role’ at the Convention on
Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part
B: Supplement no.3 (1956); p.475. [PDF, 19KB]
(1956) Kenneth E. Harper: Contextual
analysis in word-for-word MT. Mechanical
Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 40-41 [PDF, 77KB]
(1956) David G. Hays: A projected study of semantic ambiguity. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation:
September 24, 1956; 2pp. [PDF, 14KB]
(1956) A. Koutsoudas & R. Korfhage: Mechanical
translation and the problem of multiple meaning. Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 46-51 [PDF, 225KB]
(1956) G.M.E.Williams: [contribution to] Discussion on ‘the computer in a
non-arithmetic role’ at the Convention on Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th
April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute
of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part B: Supplement no.3 (1956); p.474.
[PDF, 19KB]
(1956) Victor H.Yngve: Terminology in
the light of research on mechanical translation.
(1955) Leon E.Dostert: The Georgetown-I.B.M. experiment. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth
(eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Erwin Reifler: The mechanical determination of meaning. In:
William N.Locke & A.Donald
Booth (eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Victor H.Yngve: Syntax and the problem of multiple meaning. In:
William N.Locke & A.Donald
Booth (eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Abraham Kaplan: An experimental study of ambiguity and context. Mechanical Translation 2 (2), November
1955; pp. 39-46 [PDF, 164KB] [Original: RAND Corporation, November 1950 [note]]
Generation
(1969) G.Salton: Automatic processing of foreign language
documents. Coling 1969: International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1968) P.W.Culicover:
Paraphrase generation and information retrieval
from stored text. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September
and December 1968; pp. 78-88 [PDF, 225KB]
(1967) Kenneth E.Harper: Syntactic and semantic problems in automatic
sentence generation. Coling 1967: Conference
Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France,
August 1967; 9pp. [PDF,
475KB]
(1966) Jocelyn Brewer: English article insertion. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3
and 4, September and December 1966; pp.83-96 [PDF, 263KB]
(1965) Sheldon Klein: Automatic paraphrasing in essay format. Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.68-83 [PDF,
301KB]
(1965) Toshiyuki Sakai & Makoto Nagao: Sentence generation by semantic concordance. Coling 1965: International Conference on
Computational
(1965) Petr Sgall: Generation, production, and translation. Coling 1965:
International Conference on Computational
(1964) Ben K.T’sou: Sample
sentences generated by computer [paper with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts;
pp.18-30.
(1963) H.P. Edmundson: The behavior of English articles. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the
Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics,
(1963) Sheldon Klein & Robert F. Simmons:
Syntactic dependence and the computer generation of
coherent discourse. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2,
August 1963; pp.50-61 [PDF, 248KB]
(1963) Arnold C. Satterthwait:
Computational research in Arabic. Mechanical
Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.62-70 [PDF, 224KB]
(1963) Victor H. Yngve: On the order of clauses. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the
Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics,
(1961) J.J.Viertel:
English and German grammars. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research
Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961;
p.209.
(1961) Victor H. Yngve: Random generation of English sentences. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.66-80. [PDF, 146KB] [discussion]
(1959) V.H.Yngve: A model and a
hypothesis for language structure. Quarterly
Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October,
1959; p.157. [PDF, 19KB]
(1957) R.B.Lees: Generation of
nominal compounds in English. Quarterly
Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July,
1957; pp.131-132. [PDF, 27KB]
Lexical
transfer
(1969) István Bátori: Disambiguating
verbs with multiple meaning in the MT-system of IBM Germany. Coling 1969: International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1961) Y.Lecerf: Intrinsic machine addressing in automatic
translation. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
September; pp.284-312. [PDF, 132KB] [discussion]
(1961) Irina Lynch: Russian
–СЯ verbs, impersonally used verbs and subject/object ambiguities.
1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.478-502. [PDF, 200KB] [discussion]
(1957) Gilbert W.King: The requirements of lexical storage. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table
Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine
translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.:
Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.79-87. [PDF, 48KB]
Morphological analysis (see also Tagging)
(1968) Julie Beth Lovins: Development of a stemming algorithm. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1
and 2, March and June 1968; pp. 22-31 [PDF, 297KB]
(1968) David Woodhouse: A note on the translation of Swahili into English.
Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 75-77
[PDF, 134KB]
(1967) Lois L.Earl: Automatic determination of parts of speech of English
words. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.3 and 4,
September and December 1967; pp.53-67 [PDF, 583KB]
(1967) Victor H.Yngve: MT at
M.I.T. 1965. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam:
North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.451-523.
(1966) Lois L. Earl: Part-of-speech implications of affixes. Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.38-43 [PDF, 208KB]
(1966) Lois L. Earl: Structural definition of affixes from multisyllable words. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2,
June 1966; pp.34-37 [PDF, 171KB]
(1966) P.H.Matthews:
A procedure for morphological encoding. Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.15-21 [PDF, 210KB]
(1966) Milos Pacak: Computational
morphology. TA Informations
1966, pt.1; pp.25-36. [PDF, 236KB]
(1966) H.L.Resnikoff & J.L.Dolby: The nature of
affixing in written English, part II. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966;
pp.23-33 [PDF, 387KB]
(1965) Leroy F.Meyers: Morphological
classification in the National Bureau of Standards mechanical translation
system. Journal of the Association
for Computing Machinery,12 (4), October 1965; pp.437-472. [PDF, 430KB]
(1965) H.L.Resnikoff
& J.L.Dolby: The
nature of affixing in written English. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and
October 1965; pp.84-89 [PDF, 173KB]
(1965) D.Varga: Syntactic analysis in the case of highly inflected
languages. Coling 1965: International Conference on
Computational
(1964) Milos Pacak: Slavic languages: comparative morphosyntactic
analysis. Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1,
August 1964; pp.11-14 [PDF, 153KB]
(1963) J.L.Dolby
& H.L.Resnikoff: The graphic structure of
word-breaking. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963
annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational
Linguistics,
(1963) Milos Pacak: Slavic languages—comparative morphosyntactic
research. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963
annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational
Linguistics,
(1963) Arnold C. Satterthwait:
Computational research in Arabic. Mechanical
Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.62-70 [PDF, 224KB]
(1963) John H. Wahlgren: Derivational suffixes in Russian general vocabulary
and in chemical nomenclature. In: Abstracts of
papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation
and Computational Linguistics,
(1962) A.F.R.Brown: Automatic
translation of languages. In: Automatic
Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1962) David G.Hays: An introduction to
computational procedures in linguistic research. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer
School held in
(1962) Ida Rhodes &
Franz L.Alt: The
hindsight technique in machine translation of natural languages. Journal of
Research of the National Bureau of Standards – B. Mathematics and Mathematical
Physics, Vol.66B, no.2, April-June 1962; pp.47-51. [PDF, 6861KB]
(1961) D.W.Davies & A.M.Day: A technique for consistent splitting of Russian
words. 1961 International Conference
on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis:
proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.344-362. [PDF,
131KB]
(1961) J.McDaniel & S.Whelan: The grammatical
interpretation of Russian inflected forms using a stem dictionary. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.364-377. [PDF, 123KB] [discussion]
(1961) Lew R.Micklesen: Source-language specification with table lookup
and high-capacity dictionary. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp. 318-340. [PDF, 193KB] [discussion]
(1961) Milos Pacak &
Antonina Boldyreff: The morphological
abstraction of Russian verbs. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November
1961; pp.51-62. [PDF, 209KB]
(1960) William D.Foust: Automatic English
inflection. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation,
held at the University of Ca lifornia, Los Angeles,
February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.229-233. [PDF, 56KB]
(1959) Milos Pacak: Morphology in terms of mechanical translation. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machi ne Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio,
September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience
Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.881-885. [PDF, 60KB]
(1958) T.M.Nikolaeva: Soviet developments in machine translation:
Russian sentence analysis, Mechanical
Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 51-59 [PDF, 172KB]
(1957) Andrew D.Booth: Mechanical translations. Aslib Proceedings;
9 (6), June 1957. [PDF, 119KB]
(1957) Paul L.Garvin: Linguistic analysis and translation analysis. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table
Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine
translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.:
Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.19-38. [PDF, 194KB]
(1957) R.H.Richens & M.A.K.Halliday: Word
decomposition for machine translation.
Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and
Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press,
1957); pp.71-78. [PDF, 38KB]
(1956) L. Brandwood: Mechanical translation of French, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November
1956; pp. 52-61 [PDF, 164KB]
(1956) L.Brandwood: The
translation of a foreign language by machine.
(1955) William E.Bull, Charles Africa, & Daniel Teichroew:
Some problems of the “word”. In: William N.Locke
& A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen
essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology;
(1955) Leon E.Dostert: The Georgetown-I.B.M. experiment. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth
(eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Kenneth E.Harper:
A preliminary study of Russian. In: William N.Locke
& A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen
essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology;
(1955) Anthony G.Oettinger: The design of an automatic Russian-English
technical dictionary. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays.
The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Erwin Reifler:
Mechanical determination of the constituents
of German substantive compounds Mechanical Translation 2 (1), July 1955; pp. 3-14 [PDF, 224KB]
[Revised version of his Studies in
Mechanical Translation, no.7, September 1952]
(1955) R.H.Richens
& A.D.Booth: Some methods of mechanized
translation. In: William
N.Locke & A.Donald
Booth (eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1953) Kenneth E.Harper:
The mechanical translation of Russian: a preliminary
study. Modern Language Forum 38
(3/4), September-December 1953; pp.12-29. [PDF, 89KB]
(1952) R.H.Richens & A.D.Booth:
Some methods of
mechanized translation. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical
Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 15pp. [PDF,
178KB]
Post-editing
(see
also Translation revision)
(1967) Kathleen H.V.Booth:
Machine aided translation with a post-editor. In: A.D.Booth
(ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland
Publishing Company, 1967); pp.51-76.
(1961) H.P.Edmundson, K.E.Harper, D.G.Hays, & B.J.Scott: Studies in
machine translation—8: Manual for postediting Russian
text. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.63-71. [PDF,
240KB]
(1961) Vincent E. Giuliano: A formula finder for the automatic synthesis of
translation algorithms. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November
1961; pp.11-24. [PDF, 343KB]
(1960) Vincent E.Giuliano:
The logic of automatic formula synthesis.
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at
the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
pp.462-471. [PDF, 100KB]
(1960) Session 9: Semantic resolution. Questions and
discussion [by J.Applegate, E.W.Cannon,
L.Dostert, P.L.Garvin, K.E.Harper, D.G.Hays, S.M.Lamb, R.Manly, A.G.Oettinger, V.Oswald, E.Reifler, I.Rhodes, R.See, D.R.Swanson.] Proceedings
of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.422-435. [PDF, 113KB]
(1959) V.E.Giuliano
& A.G.Oettinger: Research
on automatic translation at the Harvard Computation Laboratory. Information processing: International
Conference on Information Processing, Unesco,
(1955) Erwin Reifler:
The mechanical determination of meaning. In: William N.Locke
& A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen
essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology;
Pre-editing
(see also Controlled languages)
(1969) A.J.Szanser: Automatic error-correction in natural languages.
Coling 1969: International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1955) Erwin Reifler:
The mechanical determination of meaning. In: William N.Locke
& A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen
essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology;
(1952) Erwin Reifler: Mechanical translation with a pre-editor, and
writing for MT Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June
1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (Studies on Mechanical
Translation, no.3) [PDF, 110KB]
Reversibility
(1967) Gerhard Engelien: Programming of
reversible systems in computational linguistics. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des
Langues,
Grenoble, France, August 1967; 5pp. [PDF, 227KB]
Segmentation
(1963) Sydney
M.Lamb: Machine-aided
translation.
(1962) Ida Rhodes &
Franz L.Alt: The
hindsight technique in machine translation of natural languages. Journal of
Research of the National Bureau of Standards – B. Mathematics and Mathematical
Physics, Vol.66B, no.2, April-June 1962; pp.47-51. [PDF, 6861KB]
(1961) M.Corbé & R.Tabory: Introduction to an
automatic English syntax (by fragmentation). 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
September; pp.616-652. [PDF, 138KB] [discussion]
(1961) D.W.Davies & A.M.Day: A technique for consistent splitting of Russian
words. 1961 International Conference
on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis:
proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.344-362. [PDF,
131KB]
(1961) Susumu Kuno: A preliminary approach to Japanese-English automatic
translation. 1961 International
Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis:
proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.8-23. [PDF,
150KB] [discussion]
(1961) J.McDaniel & S.Whelan: The grammatical
interpretation of Russian inflected forms using a stem dictionary. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.364-377. [PDF, 123KB] [discussion]
(1961) Gerard Salton & R.W.Thorpe:
An approach to the segmentation problem in speech
analysis and language translation. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp.704-724. [PDF, 130KB]
(1960) Sydney M.Lamb: Segmentation. Proceedings
of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.335-342. [PDF, 63KB]
(1957) R.H.Richens & M.A.K.Halliday: Word
decomposition for machine translation.
Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and
Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press,
1957); pp.71-78. [PDF, 38KB]
(1953) Erwin Reifler: Elimination and
mechanical determination of forms with dual nationality (Studies in
Mechanical Translation, no.9). 11pp. [PDF, 38KB]
Semantic
analysis and representation (see
also Disambiguation)
(1969) Ernst von Glasersfeld:
Semantics and the syntactic
classification of words. Coling 1969:
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1969) L.W.Tosh: Translation
model with semantic capability. Linguistics
55; pp.58-69. [PDF, 156KB]
(1969) Yorick Wilks: Interactive semantic analysis of English
paragraphs. Coling 1969: International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1968) Margaret
Masterman: Semantic algorithms. Reprinted in:
Margaret Masterman: Language, cohesion and form, ed.Yorick Wilks (Cambridge University Press, 2005);
pp.253-280 [with commentary by the editor.]
(1968) Robert F. Simmons & John F. Burger: A semantic analyzer for
English sentences. Mechanical Translation
and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1968; pp.
1-13 [PDF, 287KB]
(1968) Yorick Wilks: On-line semantic analysis of English texts. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3
and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 59-72 [PDF, 243KB]
(1967) Kenneth E.Harper: Syntactic and semantic problems in automatic
sentence generation. Coling 1967: Conference
Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France,
August 1967; 9pp. [PDF,
475KB]
(1967) O.S.Kulagina & I.A.Mel’čuk: Automatic translation: some theoretical
aspects and the design of a translation system. In: A.D.Booth
(ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam:
North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.137-171.
(1967) Klaus Günther Schweisthal: Semantically
governed machine translation of BE-clauses with adverbs and prepositional
phrases. Demonstration of a ring-model for German/English, English/German
including analysis-synthesis, transformation, transition, and generation. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des
Langues,
Grenoble, France, August 1967; 11 pp. [PDF, 412KB]
(1965) Karel Čulík: Machine translation and connectedness between
phrases. Coling 1965: International Conference on
Computational
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M. Lamb: On the mechanization of syntactic analysis.
1961 International Conference on Machine
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conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.674-684. [PDF, 37KB] [discussion]
(1961) G.H.Matthews: Analysis by
synthesis of sentences of natural languages. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
September; pp.532-540. [PDF, 35KB] [discussion]
(1961) G.H.Matthews: Recognition routine. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the
Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T.,
July, 1961; pp.205-206.
(1961) Anthony G. Oettinger: Automatic
syntactic analysis and the pushdown store. In: Structure of language and its mathematical aspects [ed. Roman Jakobson].
(1961) A.F.Parker-Rhodes,
R.McKinnon Wood, M.Kay
& P.Bratley: The Cambridge Language Research Unit
computer program for syntactic analysis (M.L.136). Repr.
in: K.Sparck Jones (ed.) A lattice model of syntactic description (M.L.147, [part IV])
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A general procedure for syntactic description (M.L.143). Repr.
as The lattice
properties of syntactic relations in an open language. In: K.Sparck Jones (ed.) A
lattice model of syntactic description (M.L.147, [part 1])
(1961) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: A new model of syntactic description. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference
held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th,
7th and 8th September; pp.26-60. [PDF, 114KB] [discussion]
(1961) A.F.Parker-Rhodes
& M.Masterman: A new model of syntactic description
(M.L.142). Repr. as The derivation of syntactic relations from
a lattice model. In: K.Sparck Jones (ed.) A
lattice model of syntactic description (M.L.147, [part II])
(1961) Warren Plath: Automatic
sentence diagramming. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 176-191. [PDF, 103KB] [discussion]
(1961) Ida Rhodes: A new
approach to the mechanical syntactic analysis of Russian. Mechanical
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(1961) Itiroo
(1961) Gerard Salton & R.W.Thorpe:
An approach to the segmentation problem in speech
analysis and language translation. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp.704-724. [PDF, 130KB]
(1961) Murray E.Sherry: The identification of nested structures in predictive
syntactic analysis. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp. 144-155. [PDF, 79KB] [discussion]
(1961) K.Sparck
Jones (ed.): The application of the Cambridge Language Research Unit model of
syntactic description (M.L.145). Repr. as The relation between
the theory and its application to programming syntactic analysis with a digital
computer. In: K.Sparck Jones (ed.) A lattice model of syntactic description
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(1961) K.Sparck
Jones (ed.) A lattice model of syntactic description [by] A.F.Parker-Rhodes and members of the Cambridge Language
Research Unit (M.L.147.)
(1961) Dean S.Worth: Transformation criteria for the classification of
predicative genitive constructions in Russian. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
September; pp.726-735. [PDF, 131KB]
(1961) V.H.Yngve: Syntactic phenomena. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the
Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T.,
July, 1961; p.205
(1961) Michael Zarechnak: A fourth level of linguistic analysis. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 160-171. [PDF, 131KB] [discussion]
(1960) Joseph R.Applegate: Syntax of
the German noun phrase. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine
Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February
2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.280-285. [PDF, 57KB]
(1960) Paul L.Garvin: Syntactic
retrieval. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation,
held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
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(1960) Vincent E.Giuliano: The logic of
automatic formula synthesis. Proceedings of the National Symposium on
Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles,
February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.462-471. [PDF, 100KB]
(1960) Kenneth
Harper: Introduction [to Session 6:
Syntax]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation,
held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
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(1960) Harry H.Josselson:
Research in machine translation [at
(1960) James W.Marchand: German syntax
patterns. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation,
held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
pp.234-244. [PDF, 79KB]
(1960) Jules Mersel: Research in machine translation at Ramo-Wooldridge. Proceedings of the National
Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los
Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.26-38. [PDF, 96KB]
(1960) Anthony G.Oettinger & Murray E.Sherry:
Current research on automatic translation
at Harvard University and predictive syntactic analysis. Proceedings of the National Symposium on
Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February
2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.173-182. [PDF, 102KB]
(1960) Ida Rhodes: The
National Bureau of Standards method of syntactic integration. Proceedings
of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
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(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.39-44. [PDF, 74KB]
(1960) Aristotelis D.Stathacopoulos: A
possible application of electronic computers to the block analysis of Greek
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(1960) Session 3: Current research. Questions and
discussion [by H.P.Edmundson, Gleichman, D.G.Hays, H.H.Josselson, S.M.Lamb, G.H.Matthews, J.Mersel, A.G.Oettinger, E.Reifler, I.Rhodes, M.E.Sherry, L.C.Silvern, M.Zarechnak]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on
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(1960) Session 6: Syntax. Questions and discussion
[by J.R.Applegate, E.Bristol,
A.F.R.Brown, H.P.Edmundson,
P.L.Garvin, K.E.Harper, D.G.Hays, S.M.Lamb, L.R.Micklesen, M.E.Sherry, C.B.Tompkins, V.H.Yngve, M.Zarechnak.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on
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(1959) Y.Bar-Hillel:
Decision procedures for structure in natural
languages. Appendix III of “Report on the state of machine translation in
the
(1959) Andrew
D. Booth: Syntactic processing for machine
translation and its implications for cost and speed. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
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Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
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(1959) P.L.Garvin: Syntactic information retrieval. Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International
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(1959) Lila R.Gleitman: The isolation
of elements for a grammatical description of language. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
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(1959) K.E.Harper & D.G.Hays: The use of machines in the construction of a
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grammatical recognition. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
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(1959) Aravind K.Joshi: Computation of syntactic structure. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
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(1959) Lew R.Micklesen
& Robert E.Wall: Logical
programming research in the University of Washington machine translation
project. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine
translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a
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(1959) Ida
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(1959) D.R.Swanson: “Word block model” for Russian-English syntax.
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(1959) Michael Zarechnak:
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(1959) Michael Zarechnak: Three levels of linguistic analysis in machine
translation. Journal of the
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(1958) Leonard Brandwood: Some problems in the mechanical translation of
German, Mechanical Translation 5
(2), November 1958; pp. 60-66 [PDF, 142KB]
(1958) D.G.Hays: Order
of subject and object in scientific Russian when other differentia are lacking,
Mechanical Translation 5 (3),
December 1958; pp. 111-113 [PDF, 120KB]
(1958) Joachim Lambek:
The mathematics of sentence structure. American
Mathematical Monthly 65: 154. [note]
(1958) G.H.Matthews & Syrell
Rogovin: German
sentence recognition, Mechanical
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(1958) T.M.Nikolaeva: Soviet developments in machine translation:
Russian sentence analysis, Mechanical
Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 51-59 [PDF, 172KB]
(1957) Paul L.Garvin: Linguistic analysis and translation analysis. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table
Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine
translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.:
Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.19-38. [PDF, 194KB]
(1957) Paul L.Garvin,
Dorita Lochak, Madeleine Mathiot, & Christine Anne Montgomery: Report of group II of the GU project in MT
research.
(1957) Andreas Koutsoudas
& Assya Humecky: Ambiguity of
syntactic function resolved by linear context. Word 13 (3), December 1957; pp.403-414. [PDF, 235KB]
(1957) R.B.Lees: Structural
grammars, Mechanical Translation
4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 5-10 [PDF, 155KB]
(1957) Ilse Lehiste: Order of subject and predicate in scientific Russian,
Mechanical Translation 4 (3),
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(1957) W.P.Lehmann: Structure of noun phrases in German. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting
on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”,
ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown
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(1957) W.N.Locke & V.H.Yngve: Research in translation by machine at
M.I.T. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings
of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957
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(1957) M.M.Masterman: The thesaurus in syntax and semantics, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November
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(1957) Aristotelis D.Stathacopoulos: Noun
phrase analysis using the IBM 650 computer. The Trend in Engineering at the University of Washington, April
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(1957) Bjarne Ulvestad: Syntactical variants, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 28-34 [PDF,
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(1957) V.H.Yngve: A
framework for syntactic translation, Mechanical
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(1957) Victor H.Yngve: The technical feasibility
of translating languages by machine.
Communication and Electronics
28 (January 1957), 792-797. [PDF, 93KB]
(1957) Michael Zarechnak: Report
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(1957) M.M.Zarechnak: Types of Russian sentences. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table
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(1957) Panel III:
Scope of syntactic analysis in machine translation – discussion [by Victor
Oswald, Dan Belmore, Paul Garvin, Hugo Mueller, W.P.Lehmann,
Richard Thomas, N.A.Kirsch, Herbert Paper, Michael Zarechnak, Leon Dostert, Martin Joos, Victor Yngve, Jane Pyne, R.A.Crossland, William
Austin, Gilbert King]. Report of the
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(1956) Kenneth
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26KB]
(1956) A.G.Oettinger: Structure identification in automatic translation. Presentation at International Conference on
Mechanical Translation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 1956;
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(1956) A.F.Parker-Rhodes:
Application of the lattice
syntax-programme to the translation of the Italian paragraph, shewing in detail
its transformation from output I to output II. Appendix to paper by
Margaret Masterman, The potentialites
of a mechanical thesaurus. (ML 2).
(1956) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: An electronic computer program for translating
Chinese into English, Mechanical
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(1956) Victor H.Yngve: Gap
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on Information Theory, vol.IT-2, no.3 (1956); pp.106-112. [PDF, 80KB]
(1956) Victor H.Yngve: The outlook for
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(1955) Leon E.Dostert: The Georgetown-I.B.M. experiment. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth
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Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin
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(1952) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Operational grammar Presented at the
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(1951) Victor A. Oswald & Stuart L. Fletcher: Proposals for the mechanical resolution of German syntax
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Syntactic
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(1967) Steven I. Laszlo: The relevance of some compiler construction
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(1965) L.W.Tosh: Data preparation for syntactic translation. Coling 1965:
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(1963) Irene Bellert: Necessity of introducing some information provided
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(1962) E.S.Klima: Correspondence
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(1961) William D. Foust & Julia R. Walkling: A preliminary
structural transfer system. 1961
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Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
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(1961) Edward S. Klima: Structure at the lexical level and its implications for
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(1959) Michael Zarechnak: Three levels of linguistic analysis in machine
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(1957) Jane A.Pyne: Some ideas on inter-structural syntax. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table
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translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.:
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(1957) V.H.Yngve: Present status
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(1957) Michael Zarechnak: Report
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1955; pp. 29-37 [PDF, 188KB]
Tagging
(1967) Lois L.Earl: Automatic determination of parts of speech of English
words. Mechanical
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(1966) Lois L. Earl: Part-of-speech implications of affixes. Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.38-43 [PDF, 208KB]
(1965) A.Andreyewsky: Subclassification
of parts of speech in Russian: verbs. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational
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Computational
(1965) E.D.Pendergraft &
N.Dale: Automatic
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(1967) O.S.Kulagina & I.A.Mel’čuk: Automatic translation: some theoretical
aspects and the design of a translation system. In: A.D.Booth
(ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam:
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(1965) Petr Sgall: Generation, production, and translation. Coling 1965:
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(1963) M.A.K.Halliday: Linguistics
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(1963) Sydney M. Lamb:
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(1962) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Four
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papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1960) Paul L.Garvin: From model to
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Word
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(1968) Yorick Wilks: On-line semantic analysis of English texts. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3
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(1961) Amelia Janiotis &
Harry H. Josselson: Multiple
meaning in machine translation. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
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[discussion]
(1956) Gilbert W.King
& Irving L.Wieselman: Stochastic
methods of machine translation. [